以居民觀點探討文化觀光對農業聚落發展影響-以臺南市菁寮聚落為例

The Residents’ Point of View to Impacts of Cultural Tourism on Agricultural Settlements Development-A Case Study of Ching-Liao Settlement in Tainan City

黃賜二(Tzu-Erh Huang)

指導教授 ： 許國威

朝陽科技大學/設計學院/建築系建築及都市設計碩士班/碩士(2013年)

摘要

農村聚落為產業與生活的共同體，過去台灣的主要經濟產業以農業為主，隨著時代進步與政策發展，產業結構與經濟核心的變動，1988年台灣加入WTO，國際化的競爭，台灣農業逐漸沒落，加上都市化的蔓延，傳統聚落青壯年人口外移，造成農村聚落生活與生產空間的影響，也讓文化失去了傳承的機會。2000年農業發展條例的發佈與區域計畫法施行，使農村文化與農業景觀得到保存，2010年農村再生條例發佈實行，強調三生的發展，加上旅遊內涵的提升，使農村文化成為文化觀光發展的基礎，也是農村振興地方經濟的手法。
近年來國人文化素養提升，使走馬看花的旅遊型態轉為重視內涵與體驗的型態，在文獻探討中指出文化觀光的相關研究多以政策與遊客層面探討如何提升觀光效益，但聚落是以「人」為本的生存與繁衍中心，進一步發展人與自然的種種現象與結果。文化與觀光兩者之間的特性看似融合卻帶有衝突，以此本研究以居民觀點探討文化觀光對農業聚落的發展影響，並了解在地居民對文化觀光的認知。
本研究架構藉由模糊德爾菲法(F.D.M.)建立文化觀光對於農村聚落發展影響架構後，透過深度訪談實證，得知菁寮聚落經文化觀光發展後之影響，其研究結果如下：

一、社會文化影響衝擊程度較經濟影響層面之衝擊程度高。
二、「經濟效益」、「工作機會」兩者與「文化交流與學習」存在互動關係。
三、「經濟效益」、「工作機會」兩者與「文化保存再利用」互動關係薄弱，在未來可藉由經濟效益與工作機會的提升強化其互動關係。

關鍵字

居民觀點 ； 觀光發展衝擊 ； 文化觀光 ； 農業聚落

並列摘要

With the progress of the times and policies development, agricultural settlements, which was the main economic structure of Taiwan, have gradually declined due to the increased international completion and moreover caused by the Taiwan’s participation of WTO in 1988. Both the spread of the urbanization and the migrations of the youth from traditional tribes have a great influence on the life of agricultural settlements and the loss of cultural impartment. Luckily, rural landscape and culture were reserved by the promulgation of the Development Act in 2000 and the announcement of Regional Plan Act. Later on, in 2010, as the Rural Regeneration Regulation took effect, agricultural settlements drew tourist’s attention since people start to pay more attention on deep-experienced tour than just browsing around.
The main research of cultural tourism mostly emphasized on how the behavior of tourists and policies related launched to improve the tourist industry. However, settlement is a human-based center of survivals, reproductions. The neglect mentioned has furthermore developed various phenomena between people and nature. Although culture and tourism may appear to be harmonized, actually, they are conflict in nature. This study is aimed to discuss the compacts of cultural tourism on agricultural settlements development from the residents’ points of view. Furthermore, this study explored the local residents’ perception on cultural tourism.
This study applied Fuzzy Delphi Method (F.D.M.) and established a framework for the impacts on agricultural settlements resulting from the local cultural tourism development. To involves local residents viewpoints and opinions, in-depth interview was conducted for impacts of culture tourism development and concluded as follows:
1.The impact of socialization is much higher than that of economy.
2."Economical benefit", "Job opportunities", and "Cultural exchanges and learn" interact with each other.
3."Economical benefit", "Job opportunities" interact weakly with "Cultural preservation and use". In the future, the interaction can be improved by the enhancement of "Economical benefit "and" Job opportunities ".

並列關鍵字

Tourism Development Impacts ； Cultural Tourism ； Residents'' Cognition ； Agricultural Settlements

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