杏鮑菇麥角硫因含量之研究

The study of content of ergothioneine in Pleurotus eryngii

許正璋(Cheng-Chang Hsu)

指導教授 ： 詹効松

朝陽科技大學/理工學院/應用化學系生化科技碩博士班/碩士(2015年)

摘要

台灣菇類產業發展已逾百年歷史，自1909年起即有香菇椴木人工栽培之紀錄，發展至今已有10餘種菇類常見於國人生活當中，如香菇、洋菇、金針菇、猴頭菇 、木耳、杏鮑菇等，因菇類富有多種的營養物質及藥用成分，如多醣體、核酸、蛋白質、三萜類、固醇類、麥角硫因和血壓穩定物質，其已知的生理活性包括抗菌、抗病毒、抗腫瘤、免疫調節、降血壓、降血糖、抗血栓和抗氧化等作用。本研究目的為提升太空包培養之杏鮑菇子實體產量及麥角硫因含量，以杏鮑菇ESPS品系作為液態菌種，並於太空包出菇前注射對麥角硫因含量提升有助益之添加物。為節省成本及快速得到提升子實體產量實驗參數，利用模擬木屑太空包(1.00公斤)之木屑試管(0.02公斤)進行取代試驗，分析麥角硫因含量介於1100-1500 mg/kg，與市售杏鮑菇子實體的分析含量相近。結果顯示木屑試管於出菇前注射營養物對麥角硫因含量無顯著性提升，然而對子實體產量增加則具有顯著性。為了瞭解杏鮑菇之麥角硫因含量分佈，子實體經左右縱切，上下橫切及同心圓劃切並進行分析，其結果顯示麥角硫因含量於菇傘與菇柄分別為1267.90 ± 117.18 與486.62 ± 47.44 mg/kg，而麥角硫因分佈靠近菌摺處之含量最高 (1506.14 ± 13.70 mg/kg)，並由菌摺向上下兩端遞減。杏鮑菇子實體採收後，經8天低溫冷藏，其麥角硫因含量整體提升1.2至1.6倍，其值為1503.56 ± 104.61與1926.80 ± 69.161 mg/kg。本研究結果顯示，所建立木屑試管培養可取代傳統木屑太空包培養系統用以篩選培養參數。分析麥角硫因在杏鮑菇不同部位之含量分佈，得知其多集中於菌摺部位之組織中，故未來培養技術上可設法提升菌摺組織之比例，將有利於提升杏鮑菇子實體麥角硫因之含量。

關鍵字

木屑太空包培養 ； 子實體 ； 麥角硫因 ； 杏鮑菇 ； 抗氧化

並列摘要

The Mushroom Industry in Taiwan has been more than 100 years since the first recorded in 1909, and the annual production value of mushroom products reached more than NT $ 7.3 billion in 2011 which occupied 15% in the overall income of vegetable products in agricultural sector. In present, there are around ten kinds of mushrooms, such as Lentinus edodes, Agaricus bisporus, Flammulina velutipes, Hericium erinaceus, Auricularia polytricha and Pleurotus eryngii, which were widely used as foods in Taiwan. Mushrooms contain a large array of nutrients and medicinal ingredients, including polysaccharides, nucleic acids, proteins, triterpenoids, steroids and ergothioneine, that have wide ranges of nutritional and health benefits. Their medicinal values include antibacterial, anti-viral, anti-tumor, immune regulation, lowering blood pressure, lowering blood sugar, anti-thrombotic and anti-oxidation activities. In this study, for increasing the fruiting body productivity and ergothioneine content of Pleurotus eryngii in Sawdust Bags culture, P. eryngii ESPS strain was conducted for liquid spawn for production. Afterward, in the late-stage of vegetative mycelial growth, ergothioneine-enhancing supplements were injected the in P. eryngii sawdust bags culture. To save the cost and shorten the experiment period of getting the culture parameters for enhancing the productivity of P. eryngii, the sawdust tubes culture (0.02 kg) was used to simulate the sawdust bags culture (1.00 kg). The ergothioneine content was analyzed in the range of 1100-1500 mg/kg, which is similar to the content in the commercial products. The result showed that injection of the ergothioneine-enhancing supplements in P. eryngii sawdust bags culture did not affect the ergothioneine content significantly, however, the fruiting body production was increased remarkably. To realize the ergothioneine content in the fruiting body of P. eryngii, the fruiting body was sliced horizontally and vertically, as well as diced concentrically for analysis. The result shows that the ergothioneine content in the fruiting body of P. eryngii cap and stalk are 1267.90 ± 117.18 and 486.62 ± 47.44 mg / kg, respectively. The ergothioneine content in lamellae is 1506.14±13.70 mg/kg, which is the highest. The distribution of ergothioneine contents decrease from the lamellae to the top and bottom of the fruiting body. After harvesting fruiting body with eight days of cryogenic refrigeration in four-degree Centigrade , the ergothioneine content was increased 1.2 to 1.6 folds, which were 1926.80 ± 69.16 mg / kg and 1503.56 ± 104.61 mg / kg, respectively. From the all experimental results, the sawdust tubes culture system we established can be used to replace the traditional sawdust bags culture for screening important cultivation parameters. By Analyzing ergothioneine content distribution in the fruiting body of P. eryngii, the highest content is observed in the tissue of the lamellae. Increasing the percentage of lamellae portion can significantly increase ergothioneine content of the fruiting body of P. eryngii for the further study.

並列關鍵字

sawdust bags culture ； fruiting body ； ergothioneine ； Pleurotus eryngii ； antioxidant

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