我國終身壽險與定期壽險商品之評價

被保險人對於如何做壽險規劃，長久以來一直是一個未解決的問題，該投保什麼險種、保險金額與保險費如何決定，而又應如何選擇壽險公司呢？本文之研究是以消費者的觀點，藉由研讀文獻、法令、次級統計資料分析終身壽險與定期壽險屬性，以國內29家壽險公司之20年定期壽險與20年繳費終身壽險為樣本資料，在研究的假設及限制條件下，探討在相同的購買年齡下、相同利率和假設平均餘命下透過淨現值法，分析定期壽險和終身壽險之收支現值，何者對消費者而言相對較佳，提供消費者購置參考，本文的實證結果摘要如下: 一、繳費期間身故之保險給付，被保險人無論終身壽險或定期壽險於繳費期間身故，獲保險給付之現值大於保費支出年金現值，淨現值皆為正值，終身壽險較定期壽險須更高成本，所獲給付完全相同，因此定期壽險淨現值恆大於終身壽險，定期壽險較有利。二、壽命大於或等於平均餘命之保險給付，以大數法則而言，平均餘命代表多數人壽命，用以衡量保費與保險給付標準，於平均餘命時給付，其現值扣除保費年金現值後之淨現值全為負值，且隨壽命延長淨現值更低，顯示投保終身壽險當壽命大於或等於平均餘命時對被保險人不利。三、繳費期滿未達平均餘命身故保險給付，實證結果男性部分多數為負值；女性部分多數為正值，亦即如以終身壽險作為儲蓄或理財工具時，男性於繳費期滿10年即已無法達到預期效果，女性因平均餘命較長，於繳費期滿10年尚具風險移轉效果。如果以終身壽險較定期壽險多繳保費所累積價值準備金，用於保障繳費期滿後生命，男性較為不利，女性則可考慮。

關鍵字

淨現值；保單價值準備金；定期壽險；終身壽險

並列摘要

The insured person how to do life insurance plan, has long been an unresolved issue, the insurance what is insurance, the insurance premium amount and how to decide, but how to choose the life insurance company? In this study is based on consumer''s point of view, by studying literature, law, secondary statistical data analysis properties of whole life and term insurance, 29 domestic life insurance companies for 20 years on a regular basis with the 20-year payment life insurance for life Life as a sample data, assumptions and limitations in the study conditions, to explore the purchase of the same age, the same interest rate and assuming an average life expectancy through the net present value method under the analysis on a regular basis of life and life-long life the present value of the balance of payments and what the consumer is relatively better in terms of providing consumer acquisition of reference. The empirical results are summarized as follows: 1. Payment period of the insurance death benefit, the insured person,given the present value of the insurance payment is greater than the present value of annuity premium expenses, the net present value positive Jie Wei , Whole Life Insurance Term Insurance to be higher than the cost of payments received exactly the same, so on a regular basis the net present value life insurance Hengda life-long life insurance, term insurance is more advantageous. 2 .Life expectancy is greater than or equal to the average life expectancy of the insurance benefits to law of large numbers, the average life expectancy of people on behalf of the majority of life insurance premiums and insurance payment for measuring the standard of payment, when the average life expectancy of its net present value of after the present value of annuity premiums are all negative net present value, and the net present value with a lower life expectancy shows that when the life insurance whole life is greater than or equal to the average life expectancy disadvantage when the insured person. 3.Pay below the average life expectancy expires death insurance benefit, and empirical results mostly male part of the negative; female part of the majority is positive, that is, as in the life saving or life insurance as a financial tool, the men in the payment expiration of 10 years, i.e. not achieve the desired results, because the average life expectancy of women is longer, at the expiry of 10 years, payment is still a risk of transfer effect. If Whole Life Insurance Term Insurance to pay more premiums than the cumulative value of the reserve for the protection of payment after the expiration of life, men are more detrimental to women could be considered.