本研究旨在透過內容分析,探討從1968年至 2011年國小自然課本中「化學反應」、「氧化與還原」、「酸、鹼、鹽」等主類目呈現的情形,最後依據研究結果,針對「國小自然與生活科技教科書」及「後續研究者」提出建議。經由研究探究,研究主要結果歸納如下: 一、「化學反應」在1968年至 2011年的自然課本呈現逐年增加的趨勢,而「氧化與還原」、「酸、鹼、鹽」則有先升後降的趨勢,另在1968年自然課本的編排並非以兒童為學習主體,在1975年後自然課本內容編排則相當生活化,貼近孩子的生活經驗,強調兒童才是學習的主體。 二、「化學反應」、「氧化與還原」、「酸、鹼、鹽」在1968年至 2011年間的自然課本的文章結構均有出現「概括化」、「列舉」等二種文章結構,而實驗步驟皆以「序列」方式呈現。 三、「化學反應」手繪圖在1968年至 2011年的自然課本,有逐年增加的趨勢,而實物圖則有逐年減少的趨勢;「酸、鹼、鹽」手繪圖有逐年下降的趨勢,而實物圖有逐年上升的趨勢;「氧化還原」圖片則無固定趨勢的呈現。而在1968年自然課本的圖片全部都是手繪圖,在1975年後的自然課本則呈現手繪圖、實物圖穿插並用的情形。
This study utilizes content analysis to examine how the main topics such as chemical reaction, oxidation-reduction reaction, acids, alkalis and salts were presented in the elementary school science textbooks from 1968 to 2011. Finally, suggestions based on the results of the study are provided for the compilers of the elementary school natural science and technology textbooks and future researchers. The results of the study are summarized as follows: 1. In the elementary school science textbooks from 1968 to 2011, chemical reaction showed a tendency of gradual increase while oxidation-reduction reaction, acids, alkalis and salts revealed an ascend-first-and-then-descend tendency. In contrast to the elementary science textbooks in 1968, the textbooks in post-1975 were more life-oriented and put much emphasis on students as the subject of learning. 2. Generalization and enumeration were used to process chemical reaction, oxidation-reduction reaction, acids, alkalis and salts in the elementary school science textbooks from 1968 to 2011. Experimental procedures were presented in sequentialization. 3. Hand-drawn illustrations of chemical reaction showed a tendency of gradual increase in the elementary school science textbooks from 1968 to 2011, while the tendency for real object images was the other way round. By contrast, the tendency for hand-drawn illustrations of acids, alkalis & salts was gradually decreased while the tendency for real object images was gradually increased. No obvious tendency was found regarding the illustrations of oxidation-reduction reaction. Only hand-drawn illustrations were used in the elementary science textbooks in 1968 while the textbooks in post-1975 were interspersed with real object images.