公共藝術設置之用後評估研究-以國立公共資訊圖書館為例

Post-Occupancy Evaluation of Public Art -Using The National Library of Public Information as An Example.

魏志豪(Jhih-Hao Wei)

指導教授 ： 沈永堂

朝陽科技大學/設計學院/建築系建築及都市設計碩士班/碩士(2013年)

摘要

公共藝術不僅象徵地方場所精神亦能帶動地方經濟效益，隨生活品質提升後、對於週邊環境需求已從原始機能性發展至空間藝術的賞析，重新檢視空間環境場所精神與意義。藉由國立公共資訊圖書館新建工程公共藝術設置案為例，《讀•樂-公共藝術節》所設置之永久性與臨時設置作品，以了解作品的用後評估，重新檢視公共藝術與地方、使用者間關係。
本研究依據公共藝術的特質作為分類探討，從文獻回顧中彙整出用後評估所需具備隱性因素，作為問卷調查題項之參考依據，經事後探索性分析法，得到使用經驗、環境協調、空間設置等三項顯性因素，以探討國立公共資訊圖書館公共藝術設置案。研究結果顯示整體公共藝術設置皆受使用者正面良性的肯定，契合地方民眾使用需求，經由研究發現作品的設置具有提升地方人文氣息效果，色彩及材質表現皆獲有良好使用評價，能使民眾在觀賞過程中得到愉快的使用經驗。相較突顯，作品所能反映地方人文特色層面張力不足，而產生意象連結的落差感，得知使用者仍處於探索、解讀階段，難以得到高度認同肯定。四種設置類型的評估中，以視覺性及參與性類型公共藝術受到使用者的偏好使用。視覺性作品類型以具像的視覺傳達，深植於民眾感官記憶，在使用(欣賞)後能得到愉快使用經驗，進而啟發使用者探索與思考；參與性類型讓使用者感受到創作時的趣味性，進而留下良好深刻印象，事後透過網路分享平台，可吸引更多民眾參與《讀•樂-公共藝術節》的藝術饗宴；應用性類型採取親切表現手法，拉近與使用者間實質距離，進而發生觸摸、乘坐等肢體行為，與作品創造共同生活經驗；概念性類型，由於作品涵義不易被民眾理解，與週邊環境具有較高的衝突性。因此難以獲得完整設計詮釋，亦是四種類型中，偏好較差的項目。
最後，本研究建議完善的公共藝術作品，在創作媒材之選用，應充分融入週邊空間環境，具備合宜的設置計畫考量，使作品理念能得到完整詮釋，以凝聚民眾對場所的認同感，建立起場所精神標的性。

關鍵字

場所精神 ； 公共藝術 ； 用後評估

並列摘要

Public art is not only a symbol of the spirit of a local place, but also brings benefits to the local economy. With the improved quality of life, people’s need towards the surrounding environment has evolved from the primary utilitarian purpose to the appreciation of art of space, thus a re-examination of the spirit and meaning of space and environment is necessary. This study aims to understand the post-occupancy evaluation of the art works and re-examine the relationship between public art, places, and local users through the permanent and temporary art installations of “Joy Reading Public Art Festival”, which a new public art installation project by the National Library of Public Information.

In this study, public art works were categorized based on the different features. The required implicit factors for post-occupancy evaluation, which are summarized through literature review, are used as the reference for the questionnaire items. Three explicit factors: “user experience”, “environmental coordination”, and “space arrangement” were then derived through exploratory factor analysis to study the public art installation project of the National Library of Public Information.

The result showed that the overall public art installation have received positive and benevolent recognition from the users, and are compatible to the user needs. Moreover, art work installments help to boost the local cultural atmosphere. Both the colors and materials, which make art viewings an enjoyable experience for the public, have received positive reviews. On the contrary, the extension of the local culture and features reflected by the art works is rather insufficient, thus resulting in a discrepancy between the connections of images. It is known that users are still in an explorative and interpreting stage, thus the art works have not been highly recognized or appreciated. Assessing the four types of public art installments reveals that visual and participatory public art installments are more popular among the users. Though physical visual expression, visual art works leave a deep impression in the public’s memory, give a pleasant experience to the users (beholders), and further inspire the users’ exploration and contemplation. Participatory art works, on the contrary, leave the users with a decent and memorable impression by allowing them to feel the fun in creating the art works. Those users in turn attract more public to participate in the “Joy Reading Public Art Festival” through the information sharing platforms on the Internet. Applied art works draw closer the physical distances to the users through their approachable displays, resulting in users’ physical behaviors, such as touching and sitting, to create a shared life experience with the art works. Conceptual art works are more contradictory with the surrounding environment due to their enigmatic art meanings for the public. A comprehensive interpretation of the designs is difficult; hence, such art works are also less favorable among the four types of art works.

Finally, this study suggests that a good public art work should take the surrounding space and environment into consideration when choosing its design materials, and have an appropriate art installation plan, which can make the artwork ideas fully interpreted. As a result, the public will identify with the place, and turn the place into a spiritual icon.

並列關鍵字

Post-Occupancy Evaluation ； Spirit of Place ； Public Art

參考文獻

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