台中市國小棒球代表隊參與動機、阻礙因素與運動承諾之研究

A Study of Participation Motivations, Constraint Factors and Sports Commitment for the Elementary School Baseball Teams in Taichung City

房世昕(Shi-Xin Fang)

指導教授 ： 楊欽城

朝陽科技大學/管理學院/休閒事業管理系/碩士(2013年)

摘要

本研究之目的在探討不同背景變項台中市國小棒球代表隊參與動機、阻礙因素與運動承諾之差異及相關。以101學年度台中市20所國小棒球隊三至六年級球員為受試對象，透過自編之「國小棒球代表隊球員參與動機、阻礙因素與運動承諾調查問卷」為研究工具，以普查方式，共計收回問卷398份，有效問卷381份，有效回收率96％。以單因子變異數分析、雪費法事後比較、皮爾遜積差相關分析及多元逐步迴歸分析等統計方法進行資料處理，並得到以下結論:
一、台中市國小棒球隊球員多數為五、六年級學生；參加球隊時間以一年以上未滿二年居多；每週訓練時數大多數為每週訓練十小時以上，曾獲得之最佳名次以全市性比賽前四名佔多數。
在台中市國小棒球隊球員參與動機、阻礙因素與運動承諾現況方面，本研究之參與動機依得分高低順序分別為「健康適能」、「運動樂趣」、「成就需求」、「社會需求」、「重要他人」、「刺激避免」。阻礙因素構面依得分高低順序分別為「勝任能力」、「內在心理」、「外在結構」、「團隊支持」。運動承諾構面依得分高低順序分別為「想要的承諾」及「必須要的承諾」。
二、比較動機差異情形時，不同年級球員在「社會需求」因素達顯著差異，不同參與球隊時間的球員在「運動樂趣」及「刺激避免」因素達顯著差異，每週不同訓練時數在「社會需求」、「重要他人」二個因素達顯著差異。
三、比較阻礙因素的差異情形時，不同年級球員之阻礙因素在「團隊支持」因素層面有顯著差異，不同參與球隊時間的球員在「勝任能力」因素有顯著差異，曾獲不同最佳成績的球員在「勝任能力」因素上達顯著差異。
四、比較運動承諾的差異情形時，不同年級球員的運動承諾，在「必須要的承諾」因素層面達顯著差異，每週不同訓練時數的球員在「想要的承諾」及「必須要的承諾」二因素上均達顯著差異。
五、參與動機構面中的「健康適能」、「運動樂趣」及「刺激避免」三個因素與阻礙因素間達顯著水準，且均呈現低度負相關。
六、台中市國小棒球隊球員參與動機對運動承諾為正向影響。
七、台中市國小棒球隊球員阻礙因素對運動承諾未達顯著。

關鍵字

運動承諾 ； 阻礙因素 ； 參與動機 ； 代表隊 ； 棒球

並列摘要

The main purpose of this study was to investigate the divergence and relevance in participation motivations, constraint factors and sports commitment for the elementary school baseball teams in Taichung City, from the dimension of a various backgrounds.
The participants were chosen from the 3th-grade to 6th-grade baseball players of 20 elementary schools in Taichung City. A self-designed questionnaire over “Participation Motivations, Constraint Factors, and Sports Commitment for Elementary School Baseball Players” was adopted in this study. By general investigation, 398 copies of questionnaire were returned. After checking, 381 copies are valid and used in this study. The effective response rate is 96%. Valid questionnaires were analyzed with One-way AONOVA, Scheffe’s test, Pearson’s product-moment correlation and multiple regression. The results are as follows:
1. Most of the elementary school baseball team members in Taichung are the fifth and sixth graders; most of them have joined the team for more than one but less than two years. They practiced for more than ten hours per week averagely. The best honor that most participants have achieved is the top four in the competition held by Taichung City.
In this study, it also showed that the level of participation motivations of Taichung elementary school baseball teams players decreases in the following order : health-related fitness, sport enjoyment, needs for achievement, needs for society, significant others, and stimulus avoidance. The level of constraint factors decreases in the following order : personal competence, internal psychology, external environment, and team supports . The level of commitment to sports decreases in the following order: want-to commitments, must- to commitments.
2. In comparing the divergence of participation motivations, players of different ages revealed statistically significant differences in the factor of needs for society. Furthermore, the players who have joined the team for various length of time showed significant differences in the factors of sport enjoyment, needs for society and stimulus avoidance. Players with different training hours of each week showed significant differences in needs for society and stimulus avoidance.
3. In comparing the divergence of constraint factors, the players of different grades showed statistically significant differences in the factor of team supports. The players who have joined the team for various length of time showed significant differences in personal competence. In addition, the players with different performance achievements also showed significant differences in personal competence as well.
4. In comparing the divergence of sports commitment, the players of different ages showed statistically significant differences in the factor of want- to commitments. The players with different training hours of each week revealed significant differences both in the factors, want-to and must-to commitments.
5. There was a negative correlation between Participation Motivations and Constraint Factors for the players of the elementary school baseball teams in Taichung City.
6. Participation motivations could validly predict sports commitment for the elementary school baseball teams in Taichung City.
7. Constraint factors could not validly predict sports commitment for the elementary school baseball teams in Taichung City.

並列關鍵字

baseball ； representative team ； participation motivations ； constraint factors ； sports commitment

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