長短腳正中坐姿研究與設計

The Research and Design on Neutral Sitting Posture for Leg Length Discrepancy

陳維淵(Chen-wei yuan)

指導教授 ： 梁成一

大同大學/設計學院/工業設計學系所/碩士(2011年)

摘要

現今社會之工作形式多採坐姿進行工作，然而，長期久坐與坐姿不良容易產生腰酸背痛，因此，座椅之設計與坐姿舒適性也相對重要。但鮮少有為長短腳族群設計的座椅，長短腳族群臀部與腿部的肌肉群萎縮，在長時間久坐時更有可能會壓迫到臀部與腿部的神經與血管，導致容易產生腿部的痲痺感也較無法維持坐姿穩定之狀態。因此本研究之目的為設計出適合長短腳與小兒痲痺族群之腳墊輔具，讓短腳能確實踏在腳墊上，並維持有正中及正確坐姿，提高使用者坐姿的舒適性。
本研究邀請 30 位有長短腳症狀之受測者，在 16 種狀況下 (腳墊x 2、扶手x 4、靠背x 2) 進行探索性的實驗。結果顯示受測者皆有偏移正中坐姿情形，而在使用模擬腳墊上有改善偏移情形，再將受測者之建議、結合文獻探討及現有辦公座椅之調查，導出腳墊設計之原則，並據以製作模型，進行驗證實驗。
研究結果顯示，坐姿偏移量很明顯的比未使用輔具的偏移量下降許多，使用椅子靠背與腳墊輔具更能達到此成效。受測者認為腳墊輔具能減少短腳的麻痺感與疼痛感並有效增加坐姿之舒適性，驗證腳墊輔具對於長短腳與小兒痲痺族群在坐姿舒適性與正中坐姿方面，具有一定的成效。本研究的結果可以提供給相關研究與輔具廠商做為參考，設計符合長短腳族群使用之座椅及輔具。

關鍵字

輔具 ； 腳墊 ； 長短腳 ； 小兒痲痺 ； 座椅 ； 坐姿

並列摘要

In the e-society, most people adopt sitting posture to work. However, long time sitting or improper sitting posture causes lumbodorsal pain, so it is very important to design seats for comfortable posture. However few seats are designed for people with leg length discrepancy, who usually have hip and leg muscular dystrophy. Long time sitting is more likely to press the nerves and blood vessels in their hips and legs, which would result in paralysis of legs and hardly keeping in comfortable sitting posture. So the purpose of this research is to design assistive foot cushions which are suitable for leg length discrepancy and polio, ensure their short legs on cushion firmly, keep users in neutral and correct sitting posture, increase the comfort in sitting.
30 subjects with leg length discrepancy were invited to participate this research and tests under 16 various situations (Backrest x 2, Armrest x 4, Foot pad x 2) were conducted. The result showed that all subjects deviated from the neutral position when sitting, however, after using simulated foot cushion, this deviation was reduced. Comprehensive analysis of the suggestions from the subjects, along with literature review and investigations of current office seats leaded to a set of design principles of foot cushions. Based on these principles, a moded was made, and a verification experiment was conducted accordingly.
The result of this research shows that after using assistive with subjects obvious deviation previously have deviation reduced more device than those not using it. Using chair Backrest and foot cushion is more effective. All subjects thought foot cushions can reduce the paralysis and pain of short legs and improve the comfort when sitting. The results verify that the foot cushion is benefit for people with leg length discrepancy or polio and ensure them to sit comfortably and in neutral position. The findings can be reference for related studies and assistive device manufacturers to design seats and assistive devices for people with leg length discrepancy.

並列關鍵字

Seats ； Polio ； Leg length discrepancy ； Foot cushion ； Assistive device ； Sitting posture

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