目的:本研究以長期追蹤調查樣本探討影響台灣地區65 歲以上老人憂鬱的背景或生活狀況可能之危險因子。最後利用該年度生命表資料計算其因憂鬱導致的不健康平均餘命。 方法:利用行政院衛生署國民健康局所提供之1999 年與2003 年之「台灣地區老人保健與生活問題長期追蹤調查」資料進行分析。合併1999 年與2003 年資料後得到兩波資料各變項變化及憂鬱狀況,憂鬱狀況是以CES-D 量表計算有無憂鬱,並以1999 年無憂鬱者至2003年有憂鬱者作為主要研究對象,並將各變項作次數分配;再將各變項與1999 年無憂鬱者至2003 年有無憂鬱作卡方檢定;最後作邏輯斯迴歸分析,以探討其影響因子。再者以內政部人口統計資料生命表資料計算「不健康平均餘命」,檢視兩年度之差異。 結果:整體結果顯示,配偶的有無、工作的有無、慢性疾病的有無、體能障礙的有無及其變化,皆為影響台灣地區65 歲以上老人憂鬱之危險因子。無論是以兩性或分男女性個案作分析,2003 年的憂鬱比例皆高於1999 年。以老年人口簡易生命表與憂鬱比率計算可得 知,各年齡組別憂鬱盛行率皆增加,不健康平均餘命亦增加。女性不健康平均餘命及其增加幅度皆多大於男性,顯示出女性憂鬱狀況確實比男性嚴重。 結論:老年期憂鬱趨於較以往嚴重,雖然國人的平均餘命有增加的趨勢,但生活在不健康的狀態之下,將影響老年人的生活品質,更顯現在生命後期可能產生的心理衛生問題。
Objectives This thesis makes use of longitudinal survey data to find out the demographic and life-style risk factors affecting depression of the elderly 65 and older in Taiwan, and using the 1999 and 2003 life table data to calculate the Disability-Life-Expectancy (DLEx) causing by depression status. Methods This research used representative panel survey 1999 and 2003 data collected in the two waves of “The Longitudinal Sample Survey of Health and Living Status of the Elderly in Taiwan” by the predecessor organization of the Bureau of Health Promotion, Department of Health. After comparing with 1999 and 2003 data, we get the changes of all variables between two years and the depression distribution. It is using complete depression scale (CES-D) data to calculate if the case had depression status or not. Mainly, we chose the cases of none-depression status in 1999 to be our research sample, and to see if some sample will be depression status in 2003 survey. Logistic-regression was used to do multivariate analysis of the risk factors of depression status. Finally, calculate the Disability-Life-Expectancy (DLEx) causing by depression status in 1999 and 2003, and the difference between two years. Results It shows the changes of spouse, job, chronic disease, and difficulty of physical are the risk factors affecting depression of the elderly 65 and older in Taiwan. The proportion of depression status in 1999 is higher than in 2003, and the prevalence rate of depression status and the Disability-Life-Expectancy (DLEx) are increasing. Compare with male and female, female’s DELx and range of increasing is more than male. Conclusion Depression of the elderly is getting worse and worse. The total life expectancy are increase, but living in the unhealthy status will effect the life-quality of elderly.