製鞋產業,乃勞力密集性產業,曾在台灣經濟史上蓬勃發展,一度成為全球最大鞋類外銷供應國。然而在快速及專業分工工作環境中,製鞋產業作業員被迫加快肢體動作以配合機器速度,以不自然之作業姿勢長期從事高重複性工作,極易產生職業性肌肉骨骼傷害。本研究藉由問卷及工作觀察分析探討製鞋產業作業員發生之肌肉骨骼危害狀況及危害因子,並提出相關之人因工程改善建議。 針對製鞋業作業員500人進行問卷調查,結果發現作業員肌肉骨骼不適盛行率以「脖子」(81.9%)最高、其次依序為「下背或腰部」(69.5%)、「腳踝或腳」(65%)、「手肘」(63.3%)、「手或手腕」(61.3%)、「肩膀」(61.1%)、「臀或大腿」(56.2%)、「上背」(56%)、「膝蓋」(54%)。年資、抽菸習慣與肩膀肌肉骨骼不適有顯著相關。女性、年資2~4年、有運動習慣與成型人員有較高之手肘肌肉骨骼不適風險。年資4年以上、有喝酒習慣與針車、成型、成品出貨人員在下背或腰部之骨骼不適風險較高。年資2~4年作業員在膝蓋之肌肉骨骼不適風險較高。至於上背、手或手腕與腳踝或腳,則與各變項均無顯著相關。 因此本研究建議製鞋業除規劃員工適當休息與活動時間,改善工作環境與提供安全防護工具外,行政單位亦應訂定教育訓練政策,加強員工對自身健康安全之認知,進而降低或避免肌肉骨骼不適之危害。
Shoe Industry is a kind of labor-intensive industry. Taiwan was the biggest shoes-export country during 1980’. However, shoemakers are forced to speed up to follow the speed of machine in their working environment. With unnatural posture to devote them to the repeat work for a long time will cause physical overloading and accumulative musculoskeletal injuries. The purpose of this study was finding out the situation of musculoskeletal symptoms by a questionnaire and using job analysis and NMQ to survey the prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms among assemblers in shoe industrial and finally, to provide some Ergonomics suggestion. After distributing 500 NMQ questionnaires to shoemakers, it was found musculoskeletal discomforts in the neck had the highest percentages of reporting at 81.9%. The result of logistic regression showed neck discomfort had significant relation to drinking habit and the years of work. Second, female, 2~4 years of work, with excise habit and lasting shoemakers had higher risk in elbow. Third, over 4 years of work, with drinking habit and sewing, lasting and packing shoemakers had higher risk in lower back and waist. Fourth, shoemakers with 2~4 years of work had higher risk in knee. However, there were no significant relations in upper back, hands or wrist and ankle or feet. Therefore, not only planning proper resting and working time, improving working envirnment and supporting tools, but making education and training strategy to enhance the awareness of health and safety to shoemakers will reduce or avoid the danger of musculoskeletal hazards.