國中學生參與體育嘉年華活動的集體效能對團隊凝聚力之相關研究

The Relationship Between Collective Efficacy, Team Cohesion In Junior High School Sport Carnival

陳雅惠(YA-HUEI CHEN)

指導教授 ： 陳朝鍵

亞洲大學/管理學院/休閒與遊憩管理學系碩士在職專班/碩士(2011年)

摘要

本研究目的旨在瞭解國中學生參與體育嘉年華活動的集體效能對團隊凝聚力之關係。本研究採用問卷調查法，進行資料的收集與分析。研究對象為參與彰化縣99年度體育嘉年華活動的國中生，以普查方式進行問卷調查。共發出714份，回收646份，回收率97.3%、有效問卷599份，有效率92.7%，有效問卷回收率達90.2%。資料分析採用描述性統計、項目分析、探索性因素分析、獨立樣本t檢定、單因子變異數分析、雪費爾事後比較與Pearson相關等方法。本研究發現：一、受試者背景變項在集體效能方面計有：不同班別、參與意願、比賽目標、運動表現等自變項，在問卷反應的差異上達顯著水準；而在性別、不同年級、不同教練、練習頻率、不同喜愛項目，則無顯著差異。二、受試者背景變項在團隊凝聚力面向計有：參與意願、比賽目標、運動表現等自變項，在問卷反應的差異上達顯著水準；班別、不同年級、不同教練、不同練習頻率、不同喜愛項目、參與項目有部分構面達顯著水準；而在性別無顯著差異。三、集體效能與團隊凝聚力變項間分析中獲得支持。最後，希冀透過本研究的發現進一步將研究結果提供學校辦理體育相關活動與各政府相關活動規劃時之重要參考依據與建議。

關鍵字

集體效能 ； 團隊凝聚力 ； 體育嘉年華

並列摘要

The purpose of the this study is to understand how collective effectiveness influences team cohesion when junior high school students participate in a sport carnival, so as to provide all levels of schools and government with important reference and suggestions of holding or planning relative sporting events. The study was conducted by questionnaire to collect and analyze the data. And this study used the junior high school students joining the 2010 Sports Carnival in Changhua county as the primary subjects. We conducted the survey by general survey. With 714 questionnaires given out and 646 returned, the reply rate is 97.3%. There are 599 valid questionnaires, which means the validity rate is 92.7% and valid questionnaire reply rate reaches 90.2%. The instrument we used to conduct this survey is the questionnaire called “Questionnaire about the collective effectiveness and team cohesion within the Sport Carnival among the participating junior high school students.” For the collective effectiveness part, there are five items involved with a construct. On the other hand, team cohesion includes four constructs as follows: team cooperation, interpersonal relationship, team adjustment, and interpersonal attraction. Data analysis involved are descriptive statistics, exploratory factor analysis, t-test, singular variation analysis, Fisher’s posteriori comparisons and Pearson correlation, etc.. The primary results of this study are summarized as the following statements. Firstly, for the collective effectiveness, the independent variables of the participants’ background are class difference, participating will, athletic ambition and athletic performances, and the variation of questionnaire responses is significant. As for the items of different grades, different coaches, practicing frequency and different favored sports are comparatively not significant. Secondly, for the team cohesion, the independent variables of the participants’ background include participating will, athletic ambition and athletic performances, and the variation of questionnaire responses is significant. As for the items of class, different grades, different coached, different practicing frequency, different favored sports and participating events are partly significant, while for the gender item, it does not show significance. Thirdly, the correlated analysis of collective effectiveness and team cohesion is supported. In conclusion, this study suggests that the subjects involved can be expanded to elementary school students who also join the event or to other related group activities. And we can add other scales to complete the research instruments and make the study more thoroughgoing.

並列關鍵字

collective effectiveness ； team cohesion ； Sport Carnival

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