中國武術之哲學美學研究

中國武術在攻防意識較弱的當代思維下，已漸漸將攻防意識的呈現轉化為一種美學思維，而中國武術所重視之陰陽、剛柔、開合、起落、化轉等特點，亦都成為一種獨特美學特徵，這等美學特徵造就中國武術的藝術基因。對於中國武術的美學研究，理應結合東西方的美學理論綜合論述，以期研究結果符合現代文化融合的風潮。當然，中國武術源於中國，故應對中國傳統美學做深刻的切入，再輔以當代西方的思維觀念，歸結出中國武術的美學特徵。研究中國武術的美學特性，應從其中國武術美學的基本問題進行思維結構，然後再依其內容所衍生關聯進行美學的分析。因此，我們有必要經由相關文獻的推理論證，對中國武術美學的核心、基本要素與基本特徵等。本文研究總結出：中國武術美學的基本核心是做為主體的「人」與做為客體對象的「武術」；中國武術美學的基本要素是做為內在要素的「觀念」、「體驗」以及做為外在要素的「反應」、「回饋」；中國武術的美學特徵是「虛實」、「意形」、「節奏」與「剛柔」等四項。中國武術美學之基本要素反映了其基本範疇之間的邏輯序列與層次，此其本要素體現了理論與事實，邏輯與規律的一致性。這是一種哲學思維的藝術。

關鍵字

中國武術；哲學；美學

並列摘要

Due to weakness of attack and defense, Chinese martial arts have been transformed into a thought of esthetics in these days. Yin Yang Yang, Kai he, hardness and softness, up and down, change etc.; they also become unique characteristics and accomplish the art factors of Chinese martials arts. Chinese martial arts has its own traditional culture, connotation and practical value. Besides, it is also and esthetics and art of the human body. Threre are two ways to represents the beauty of the Chinese martial arts routine: one way is through the performer's comprehension that includes the meaning of attack and defense, co-operation of body posture, rhythm and performing ways, and the other is based on the magnificent vigor and special form of body exercise of the Chinese martial arts routine. We should combine the eastern with the western theory to study of Chinese martial arts, and the results are expected to cater to the integration of modern culture. Certainly, Chinese martial arts is from China; therefore, we should study the Chinese traditional esthetics at the same time, cooperate with modern western thoughts in order to generalize the characteristics of Chinese traditional esthetics. To do this research should start from the basic questions of Chinese traditional esthetics, and then analyze the connection, which is expended by it. Therefore, through analogizing relative references, we should make a philosophical study on which was aimed the core, elements and characteristics of Chinese traditional esthetics. The purpose of this study is to refine the basic core, elements and characteristics of Chinese martial arts esthetics. The conclusions are: 1. The basic core of Chinese martial arts is: the main part is human and the secondary part is Chinese martial arts. 2. The basic elements of Chinese martial arts are concept, experience as the inside elements, and response and feedback as the outside elements. The characteristics of Chinese martial arts have four items: they are falsehood or truth, meaning and appearance, rhythm, hardness and softness. The basic elements of Chinese martial arts reflect a sequence of logic, which represents the consistency within theory and fact, logic and regular pattern. This is an art of philosophical thought. Although Chinese martial arts routines have many kinds of boxing, instruments and fighting, and each has its own techniques and performance, but they are all in the basic core, elements and characteristics, which were what this study concluded. This study is a basic research on Chinese martial arts. We are looking forward to studying more deeply and philosophically on the basic core as well as elements of Chinesew martial arts.