台灣地區中年人教育程度對體適能狀態的影響

The Effects of Education Level on Physical Fitness among Middle-aged Adults in Taiwan

周適偉(Shih-Wei Chou) ； 林瀛洲(Yin-Chou Lin) ； 李祈德(Chi-Te Li) ； 黃美涓(Alice M. K. Wong)

《台灣復健醫學雜誌》 32卷3期 (2004/09) Pp. 125-133

https://doi.org/10.6315/2004.32(3)03

摘要

健康體適能包含四項基本生理指標：身體組成、肌力及肌耐力、柔軟度及心肺耐力。規律運動能影響體適能指數，經由體適能檢測及適當的運動處方，使個人體適能從失能或不能(unfit)的狀態，訓練為適能(fit)的狀態。推動體適能檢測主要目的在瞭解國民體能狀况，提高健康促進意識，期望有效减緩缺乏運動的慢性疾病發生率。
計畫執行時間於民國91年4月起至民國91年11月止。檢測對象爲40歲至65歲身心健康，無明顯病徵之台灣地區國民共13,187名。分析其體適能表現與教育背景間的相關性。
結果顯示：一、在身體質量指數方面：女性中年人教育程度越好，身體質量指數越低。二、肌耐力表現：不論男女，肌耐力隨教育程度提高而增加。三、柔軟度表現：各教育背景族群，柔軟度並沒有隨著教育程度上升或下降的趨勢，且各族群間沒有統計學上的差異。四、心肺耐力指數：各教育背景族群，心肺耐力指數並沒有隨著教育程度上升或下降的趨勢，且各族群間沒有統計學上的差異。
教育程度的差異對個人的健康體適能有顯著的影響，尤其是身體組成與肌耐力。其導因可能來自於：教育程度越高者，有較多的健康資訊，有較佳的健康行為，而維持較好健康體適能。既然教育會明顯影響個人體適能的好壞，如何透過教育及宣導的方式，讓民衆瞭解運動對健康的重要，將是倡導健康促進的一大課題。

關鍵字

體適能 ； 教育程度 ； 台灣

並列摘要

Health-related physical fitness can be assessed with four main attributes: body composition, muscular strength and endurance, flexibility, and cardiorespiratory endurance. Regular exercise is thought to improve physical fitness, and objective physical fitness assessment and appropriate exercise prescriptions may help unfit individuals to become fit. Assessment of physical fitness among the general population can aid the understanding of general levels of physical fitness in the community, promote healthy habits, and reduce the burden of chronic illness caused by physical inactivity. A total of 13,187 healthy adult Taiwanese citizens between 40 and 65 years of age were enrolled in this study between April and November of 2002. ANOVA was used to identify correlations between educational background and physical fitness. The results showed: (1) Body mass index (BMI) correlated markedly with education levels in women. (2) Muscular strength and endurance also correlated significantly with respect to education levels both in men and women. (3) Flexibility and cardiorespiratory endurance were essentially unrelated to educational background. The effects of education on physical fitness were clearly apparent, particularly for BMI, muscular strength and endurance. It may be that better educated people have an improved understanding of the life-style habits required to maintain their health and physical fitness. Continued efforts to promote physical education seem justified, in order to improve overall population health.

並列關鍵字

physical fitness ； education level ； Taiwan