Cultural Hybridization in Maxine Hong Kingston's Tripmaster Monkey: His Fake Book

湯婷婷《猴形者：他的偽書》中的文化混種

傅友祥(Bennett Yu-Hsiang Fu)

《Hwa Kang Journal of English Language & Literature》 14期 (2008/07) Pp. 165-178

https://doi.org/10.7109/HKJELL.200807.0165

摘要

美國弱勢族裔文學中，尋求新身分認同的掙扎歷程不斷地浮現，形成此文類的重要母題。華美作家湯婷婷在《猴形者：他的偽書》小說中刻意突顯文化和語言再現的複雜過程，藉此挑戰並打破既有的狹隘族裔定義。湯氏以一種＜差異＞的書寫策略批判美國文化認同的現況，突顯美國文化內部差異的重要性，以重新構築所謂的美國經驗。本文探討《猴形者》的文化翻轉、翻譯過程以及族裔之間複雜的＜連字號＞現象，以反思國家與族裔間的等式關係，進而彰顯＜華－美＞一辭中的連字符號內淺藏的另一個閱讀空間。書中角色惠特曼‧阿辛創造了一個跨越僵化思維的搗蛋鬼空間，並由語言打破各種藩籬，扮演多重角色，不斷地顛覆＜族裔＞的單一同質性、賦予＜族裔＞新的混種定義。

關鍵字

湯婷婷 ； 文化混種 ； 族裔 ； 搗蛋鬼

並列摘要

The struggle to forge a new identity recurs as a central theme in American minority literature. Kingston's Tripmaster Monkey: His Fake Book (1989) problematizes, subverts, and displaces restrictive ethnic definitions by emphasizing the complex processes of cultural and linguistic representation and interpretation. Kingston writes to reconstitute the American experience through the strategy of ”difference,” highlighting the importance of difference within American cultures by challenging the status quo of American identity. By investigating Kingston's emphasis on the hyphen of ethnicity and cultural transformation/translation in the novel, this essay explores the problematic valorization of the hybrid ethnic/national equation and offers an alternative cultural ”space” between the hyphenated Chinese and Americans. Incessantly reformulated and reformulating itself through languages and breaking boundaries, Kingston's narrative offers an alternative trickster space. Such space resists the homogenizing and unifying conflation to define ”ethnicity” through her protagonist taking on multiple roles and constantly enacting versions of ethnicity.

並列關鍵字

Maxine Hong Kingston ； cultural hybridization ； ethnicity ； trickster

參考文獻

Anderson, Benedict.(1983).Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism.London/New York:Verso.

Bhabha, Homi K.(1994).The Location of Culture.London:Routledge.

Blauvelt, William Satake.,Paul Skenazy (Ed.),Tera Martin. (Ed.)(1997).Conversations with Maxine Hong Kingston.Jackson:UP of Mississippi.

Chin, Frank.,Jerry Paul Chan et al. (Ed.)(1989).The Big Aiiieeeee!: An Anthology of Asian-American Writers.New York:Meridian Books.

Deeney, John J.(1993).Of Monkeys and Butterflies: Transformation in M. H. Kingston's Tripmaster Monkey and D. H. Hwang's M. Butterfly.MELUS.18(4),21-40.