臺灣生理衛生教育中的性、生殖與性別(1945－1968)

臺灣少年男女首次在普通教育中系統性地接觸性與生殖的知識，是中華民國政府接收以後的事。戰後初中生理衛生教本列專章說明生殖作用，配合插圖，向男女學生介紹性器官及其生長、發育和功能，成為臺灣教育史上一個新的現象。以女性生殖生理掛帥的課文，描述性器則詳女略男、詳內略外、詳構造略機制，說明保健則著重清潔醫檢，有別於20世紀前半的中國和日本教材。雖然一綱多本，但各書局作者之出版皆呈趨同現象。在反共復國政策和升學補習競爭下，生殖器官圖文取代性的心理與行為，生理衛生教科書也朝著一綱一本的方向邁進。

關鍵字

戰後臺灣；生理衛生；性教育；女性生殖

並列摘要

Taiwanese youth regularly encountered sex and reproduction in general education for the first time when the Nationalist government moved to Taiwan in 1945. Before the government took over the printing of textbooks and distributed its standard versions in 1968, different commercial companies invited scholars and specialists to write a variety of textbooks for physiology and hygiene courses, based on the curriculum guidelines issued by the Ministry of Education. These textbooks all included a chapter on the reproductive system and, with a few images, introduced to Taiwanese teenagers the development, functions, and protection of the sex organs. Unlike publications from the early twentieth century, these textbooks lost personal characteristics of the authors and were dominated by a discourse emphasizing the reproductive female body. Both the colonial fascination with perversion and Republican anxiety over masturbation gave way to menstruation, conception, and delivery, and a woman's life was presented as passing from puberty to menopause, with a focus on gestation. Under the state policy to combat Communism and highly competitive examinations to enter high schools, earlier attention paid to sexuality of youth was in the postwar era replaced by the teaching of anatomical knowledge of reproduction.