檳榔採收人員肌肉骨骼不適及其風險評估之研究

根據農委會報告指出檳榔爲台灣第二大農產物，但有關檳榔之相關研究卻很少，有鑑於檳榔採收人員的工作相當疲累，也因此檳榔採收人員肌肉骨骼不適狀況之調查是一值得深入研究的主題。本研究利用北歐肌肉骨骼問卷調查表(NMQ)分析檳榔採收人員肌肉骨骼不適之問題，並以快速暴露檢核表(QEC)評估檳榔採收人員工作姿勢與潛在風險因子，並探討其相關性。NMQ問卷以親訪方式共完成133份問卷（收割人員41份、拔鬚人員92份），結果發現有97.56%收割人員與86.96%拔鬚人員在過去一年內有肌肉骨骼不適之症狀，且造成的原因多與工作有關。進一步以攝影方式收集28位收割人員與77位拔鬚人員之工作現況，並以QEC檢核表進行評估，發現收割人員其頸部（非常高及高風險等級佔75.57%）、肩膀／手臂（非常高及高風險等級佔75.57%）、腕部／手部（非常高及高風險等級佔60.71%）；拔鬚人員其頸部（非常高及高風險等級佔97.4%）、腕部／手部（非常高及高風險等級佔51.95%），需要人因介入改善其暴露等級。爲能有效的降低檳榔採收人員肌肉骨骼的累積性傷害，檳榔採收工具的設計與動作改善應爲目前最須重視的課題。

關鍵字

檳榔採收；肌肉骨骼傷害；北歐肌肉骨骼問卷調查表；快速暴露檢核表；風險因子

並列摘要

According to the Council of Agriculture (COA) reports, the betel nut industry is acclaimed to be the second biggest agriculture products in Taiwan. However, related research regarding betel nut harvesting processes is still little. Hence, the study seeks to understand the related ergonomic factors that cause muscle skeleton injuries of the betel nut harvesters in Taiwan. Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ) had been applied to investigate the research questions. Then, Quick Exposure Check (QEC) adopted to evaluate the working postures and potential risk factors of betel nuts harvesters. 133 NMQ questionnaires (harvesters-41, fibrous roots removers-92) have completed all by private interviews. 97.56% harvesters and 86.96% fibrous roots removers declare symptom of musculoskeletal discomfort within a year and all related to their works. Furthermore, 28 harvesters and 77 fibrous root removers have been recorded their works to analyze by QEC. 75.57% of betel nut harvesters have extremely-high and high risk factors on their necks, arms/shoulders. 60.71% of harvesters have extremely-high and high risk factors on their wrist/hand parts. However, 97.4% and 51.95% of fibrous roots removers have extremely-high and high risk factors on their necks and wrist/hand respectively. Hence, the betel nuts harvest tool and movement redesign should be an important issue to reduce the accumulated musculoskeletal disorders prevalence rate of betel nuts workers.