The Background and Condition for Respect in Athletics from the Viewpoints of Kant's Notions

運動員相互尊重的可能性與想像的界限

深澤浩洋(Fukasawa Koyo) ； 張文威

《運動文化研究》 25期 (2014/12) Pp. 9-26

https://doi.org/10.29818/SS.201412_(25).0001

摘要

尊重對手被許多國家的奧委會納為重點奧運價值之一，但在國際賽場上，運動競技往往意味著選手間的激烈競爭與敵對。但同時也會出現在賽後對雙方的努力付出而相互讚賞的情況。本研究因此聚焦於選手間產生相互尊重的意識與態度的背景與條件。在研究安排上，首先以康德針對尊敬的定義來進行討論，基於康德提出的道德法則，再連結至競技場上，可以發現選手間的尊重會發生在持續的公平競爭與卓越的表現時，前者的產生在於倫理、道德上的服從，後者則是對於超群極致表現的尊重。尊重是情感感受，但並非如悲傷、憤怒等情感是由外部的刺激而被動觸發，而是建構在道德判準上，且由理智與感官所共築而生。這些追求公平與卓越的努力超乎原本的預期所產生的尊重，康德將之譽為崇高感，並且是源自於主觀的道德理性洞察。運動競技世界的崇高感，得以連接起感官與知性世界，進而接近想像的界限。當運動員有足夠的文化成熟度，能夠將個人在感官世界的好惡傾向放入括號存而不論時，例如拋開勝敗，則會有尊重情感的可能性。

關鍵字

理智界 ； 感官界 ； 崇高 ； 放入括號

並列摘要

Some National Olympic Committees list respect for others as one of the Olympic values. But international sport meets, like the Olympics or World Cup soccer, are likely to become a competitive situation among nations and a sense of emulation in athletes has been emphasized, while the athletes will praise one another's efforts after the competition (mutual recognition). In this presentation, the discussion of how to realize mutual respect in athletics will be developed. At the beginning, the meaning of respect will be examined taking its cue from the discussion by Kant, I.. Based on this meaning, I will see the situation which evokes a feeling of respect for competitors in athletics. Athletes would develop a feeling of respect for clean, open and sporting attitude without cheating or unfair action, or their better-than-expected performance. The former is the respect for moral act, and the latter is the one for productive or skillful performance. What these have in common is that these acts are conceived as beyond the observer's assumption who see that performances or acts in athletics. Kant phrases this as sublime. The feeling of respect and the sublime is understood not as the sensibility which is characterized by passivity, but as a subjective feeling or moral feeling which the conception of reason itself creates. These can be seen in attitude that human beings living in a sensible world assume an intelligible world where there are a high level achievement, which athletes desire, or an ideal of fairness ensuring it, and make an effort to approach them. The feeling of sublime arises in the phase where imagination, which one use in order to bridge between a sensible and intelligible world, reaches a limit. After such cultural maturing as one can bracket inclination in a sensible world, e.g. personal or human lust for victory, envy contingent to defeat, or can realize opponent not only as means, but also freedom, a feeling of respect would be evoked.

並列關鍵字

intelligible world ； sensible world ； sublime ； bracketing

參考文獻

Canadian Olympic Committee, “Values,” , 20 Dec. 2014.

International Olympic Committee, Teaching Values an Olympic Education Toolkit, 2007. , 4 Nov. 2014.

Kant, I., Fundamental Principles of the Metaphysic of Morals, trans. T. K. Abbott, An Electronic Classics Series Publication, 1785(2010). , 6Nov. 2014.

Kant, I., The Critique of Judgement, trans. J. H. Bernard, Online Library of Liberty, 1790(1914), , 10 Nov.2014.

Kant, I., The Critique of Practical Reason, trans. T. K. Abbott, An Electronic Classics Series Publication, 1788 (2010). , 6 Nov. 2014.