當代舞蹈觀看美學之研究－當舞蹈進入展示場域

Emerging of Aesthetics of Viewing Contemporary Dance: Dance in the Museum

張桂菱(Kuei-Ling, Chang)

《運動文化研究》 36期 (2020/03) Pp. 7-47

https://doi.org/10.29818/SS.202003_(36).0001

摘要

近年來，受觀念藝術（Conceptual Art）的影響，臺北美術館湧進一股舞蹈進入展示空間的浪潮，強調作品的抽象概念與觀看者的參與，藉反思舞蹈本質梳理創作構念，跳脫傳統舞蹈的表現形式，開啟「展覽」與「舞蹈」共生的新當代表演藝術觀。而舞蹈與展覽是屬於兩種相異的形象與觀看模態，舞蹈進入展示空間，翻轉了舊式劇場觀念的表演結構與觀看模式；受空間異質化的影響，震撼傳統觀看美學的本質。舞蹈空間異質化之現象，是當代舞蹈中的極端美學，針對此現象，本研究先從杜夫海納（Mikel Dufrenne, 1910-1995）現象學美學的觀點，進入審美知覺中的感性，發現舞蹈空間異質化與傳統舞蹈美感之間的差異；再透過梅洛龐蒂（Maurice Merleau-Ponty, 1908-1961）的完形美學觀，輔以舞蹈專家學者對新式劇場觀念的評論，綜觀當代舞蹈表演模式的轉變，賦予當代觀看美學新的視野；並據此對新式劇場觀念的美學進行深度反思，進而提出對當代觀看美學的反動，揭露舞蹈空間異質化的美學思考。

關鍵字

舞蹈觀看美學 ； 觀念藝術 ； 審美知覺 ； 完形 ； 舞蹈空間異質化

並列摘要

In recent years, influenced by Conceptual Art, a wave of dance entering the exhibition space has poured into the Taipei Art Museum, emphasizing the abstract concept of the work and the participation of the viewer to reflect on the essence of dance as the creation concept, and different from traditional dance form of expression, opening up a new contemporary performing arts concept of ＂exhibition＂ and ＂dance＂. The images and watching ways of dance and exhibition are of great difference, which has led to the entering of dance flipping the old theater's concept of performance structure and the ways of watching; meanwhile, the heterogeneity of spaces has also rocked the traditional ways of viewing aesthetics. The phenomenon of dance spatial heterogeneity is the extreme aesthetics of contemporary dance. In response to this phenomenon, this study first entered the sensibility of aesthetic perception from the perspective of phenomenological aesthetics of Mikel Dufrenne (1910-1995) and found the difference between dance spatial heterogeneity and the aesthetics of traditional dance; then, through the gestalt aesthetics of Maurice Merleau-Ponty (1908-1961) and the comments of dance experts and scholars on the concept of new theater, the study tried to form a comprehensive view of contemporary dance performance, put forward a new aesthetic vision for contemporary viewing, and based on this to reflect on the aesthetics of the new theater concept, analyze the change of contemporary aesthetics and reveal the aesthetic perspectives of dance spatial heterogeneity.

並列關鍵字

aesthetics of viewing dance ； Conceptual art ； Aesthetic perception ； Gestalt ； dance spatial heterogeneity

參考文獻

王錦河，〈圖輯：無垢舞蹈劇場《觀》美學巔峰〉，《中時電子報》，〈 https://www.chinatimes.com/realtimenews/20140922000957-260405 〉，2018.12.17 檢索。

石志如，〈意義建構與行為《社交場——透明》〉，《表演藝術評論台》，〈https://pareviews.ncafroc.org.tw/?p=25729〉，2018.12.24 檢索。

吉爾・德勒茲（Gilles Deleuze）著，《電影 I：運動—影像》（Cinéma I: L'image-mouvement）（黃建宏譯），臺北：遠流出版，2003。

米・杜夫海納 （ Mikel Dufrenne ） 著 ，《審美經驗現象學》（ The Phenomenology of Aesthetic Experience）（韓樹站譯），北京：文化藝術出版社，1922。

何佳瑞，〈書評：杜夫海納審美經驗現象學〉，《哲學與文化》，23.12（臺北，2005.12）：143-148。