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  • 學位論文

木本植物功能形質與海拔梯度之間的關係:以北台灣森林植群為例

Relationship between functional traits of woody species and elevation gradient: a case study from forest vegetation in Northern Taiwan

指導教授 : 澤大衛
共同指導教授 : 高文媛(Wen-Yuan Kao)
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摘要


功能形質常被用在描述物種跟環境之間的交互關係,也可以用來推論一個地區的物種組成,本研究要探討的主要問題有兩個:(1)不同功能形質之間是否有相關性,這些形質的相關性是否可以顯示植物的生長策略?(2)環境因子是透過哪些功能形質來篩選物種,並進一步影響到當地植群的組成? 研究樣帶從低海拔的拔刀爾山到高海拔的塔曼山,沿海拔梯度分成六個海拔區間,分別為850m、1100m、1350m、1600m、1850m、2100m,每一個區間設立三個20 m×20 m的樣區,跟七個10 m×10 m的小樣區做物種組成的調查,物種採集以木本植物為主,另外加上實驗室已有的資料進行分析,共採集了465株個體,包含119個物種,測量葉子與木材的功能形質,這些形質包含葉面積、比葉面積(specific leaf area, SLA) 、葉乾物質含量(leaf dry-matter content, LDMC)、葉厚度、葉片肉質程度、單位面積葉綠素含量、葉片疏水性、葉脈密度、葉碳氮含量、葉碳氮穩定同位數比值(δ15N和δ13C)跟木材密度。 結果發現:功能形質之間是互相有關聯的,且可以區分為三個主要類群,一群是跟葉經濟型譜(leaf economics spectrum)有關,另一群則是和結構支撐相關,最後一個因子則是跟環境分解速率相關。使用Fourth-corner 方法分析形質跟海拔梯度之間的相關性,結果顯示:SLA、葉面積、δ15N跟葉疏水性和海拔呈現負相關,葉綠素含量、葉厚度、LDMC跟 δ13C 呈正相關。 根據結果推論,生長在高海拔雲霧林中的物種面臨缺水跟養分不足的情況,而植物是透過特定的功能形質以適應這樣的環境。

並列摘要


Functional traits are used to describe how species interact with their environment and also to predict community species composition. In this study, I asked the following questions: (1) What is the interrelationship among traits, and how to define the plant strategy by these traits? (2) By which traits is the environment filtering the species into the vegetation community? To answer these questions, I set up plots along the transect from Badaoer Shan to Taman Shan, with elevation separated into six zones (850, 1100, 1350, 1600, 1850 and 2100 m a.s.l.). In each zone, I established three 400-m2 permanent plots and seven 100-m2 plots. The study focused on investigating leaf and wood traits of woody species in the plots. I combined data from this study with data previously collected by Vegetation Ecology lab. In total, I surveyed 465 individuals of 119 broadleaf tree species and measured the following traits of these individuals: leaf area (LA), specific leaf area (SLA), leaf dry-matter content (LDMC), leaf thickness (Lth), succulence, chlorophyll content (Chl), leaf water repellency, venation density (VD), wood density (WD), stable isotope ratio of leaf nitrogen and carbon (δ15N and δ13C) and content of nitrogen and carbon per leaf mass (Nmass and Cmass). For trait–trait relationships, I classified these traits into three main categories based on trait variability: leaf economic spectrum, mechanical support and nitrogen cycling. For trait–environment relationships, I conducted fourth-corner analysis between each trait and elevation. Results show that SLA, LA, δ15N and leaf water repellency are negatively related to elevation, while Chl, Lth, LDMC and δ13C are positively related to the elevation. The result implies that species growing in the high elevation cloud forest face water stress and nutrient limitation.

參考文獻


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