金融體系中,銀行乃屬於金融仲介機構,具有最重要的資金傳遞仲介之功能,其中又以商業銀行在我國金融體系中最為重要,彼此資金的流通貸放、經辦業務、財務狀況亦具有高度連動性。近20年來銀行市場歷經許多重大變革,造成銀行間的併購、退出、效率及集中度的改變,這些市場結構的變遷,也或多或少造成市場競爭度的轉變。本文探討在控制財務變數指標、已經營時間、銀行規模、主要業務市占率等因素之下,近年銀行市場競爭度的變化如何影響商業銀行之併購、退出行為,進而影響台灣銀行業經營之穩定性。透過Translog成本函數估計銀行之邊際成本,並求算Lerner index作為競爭度指標;同時以CAMELSG準則選取財務比率進行主成份分析,萃取出代表性指標以進行實證研究。實證結果顯示流動性安全指標、已經營時間、貸款市場占有率、Lerner index四項變數對於1998~2008間的台灣商業銀行存續與否具有顯著解釋能力,若此四個指標上升則能夠延緩危機發生時間點,對於存活機率、平均存活時間有正面的助益。而其中Lerner index值相對越大,代表本文關心的市場競爭程度若越低,亦即銀行的訂價能力越高,這樣的結果會使銀行的經營更加穩健妥適,而較不容易出現併購、退出市場等危機行為,並增長銀行平均的存續期間,使得個別銀行的退出風險下降。
Due to the fact that Taiwan’s banking industry has been in over-banking for a long time, government was decreasing bank competition by raising concentration of banking to enhance competitiveness and raise the efficiency of operation. The degree of competition changed when the market structure had been adjusted by government. The purpose of this research is how competition affects survival of Taiwan’s bank. According to FFIEC’ CAMELS standard, we selected 23 financial ratio variables to implement Principle Component Analysis (PCA) in order to refine the index of CAMELSG, and we make the index of CAMELSG be under control in parametric survival model. On the other hand, we use the Lerner index to measure the degree of competition, Lerner index has a negative relationship with degree of competition. The main results show that (1) Liquidity index、Market share of loan、Age、Lerner index have significant positive effect on survival rate、average time of survival, and negative effect on hazard rate. And (2)Lerner index has negative relationship with degree of competition, so we can infer that if there were fewer banks in the market, the firm would have been more powerful during price negotiation and raise the net interest margin of loan. It would really help the bank’s operation.