臭氧生物監測技術之研究

Studies on Biomonitoring Technology for Ozone

鄭及昉(Ji-Fang Cheng)

指導教授 ： 孫岩章

國立臺灣大學/生物資源暨農學院/植物病理與微生物學研究所/博士(2014年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2014.00834

摘要

本研究之目的為臭氧生物監測技術之應用與機制。研究分為四個部份：(一)利用組織培養並配合無臭氧環境下馴化組培苗，以建立本土指標植物光果龍葵。(二)利用T8菸草監測室內外臭氧。(三)探討影響Bel-W3菸草指標植物臭氧敏感性之因子。(四)利用臭氧指標植物探討臭氧病害及植物免疫間之關係。結果顯示：(一)野生龍葵之臭氧敏感性歧異度極大，以組織培養並配合無臭氧環境下馴化之龍葵組培苗對臭氧有極高的敏感性且變異性小。(二)臭氧超敏感T8菸草以迷你化平盤方式栽培，並配合小型生態箱之運用，可成功監測室內臭氧。在台大校園內六定點中，以男一舍影印間之臭氧濃度最高。在台北市區校園內，以文化國小之臭氧濃度最高。(三)臭氧前處理會降低Bel-W3菸草之臭氧敏感性，且經慢性臭氧處理過之老葉，可保護新生之葉免於後續之臭氧急性危害。(四)利用非親合性細菌引發植物過敏反應之實驗中發現，對臭氧敏感之Bel-W3菸草，其對非親合性細菌之過敏反應，比臭氧耐受品種Bel-B菸草之過敏反應強。且在葉齡與過敏反應相關性實驗中發現，Bel-W3菸草之老葉對非親合性細菌之過敏反應，比年輕葉之過敏反應強。結果顯示Bel-W3菸草對非親合性細菌之過敏反應其強度表現與對臭氧之反應一致；臭氧同時具有為害植物及誘導植物免疫的雙重功能，其作用機制相當複雜。研究結果顯示臭氧指標植物是用於研究臭氧病害及植物免疫間關係之良好材料。

關鍵字

臭氧生物監測 ； 組織培養 ； 菸草 ； 甜椒細菌性斑點病菌 ； 過敏反應

並列摘要

The aims of the study were to explore the applications and mechanisms of the ozone biomonitoring techniques. There were four parts in this study: (1) Black nightshade plantlets from tissue culture are acclimatized in charcoal-filtered air as a bio-indicator for ozone; (2)The use of tobacco T8 indicator plant to monitor the indoor ozone; (3)Factors affecting ozone sensitivity of tobacco Bel-W3 seedlings; and (4) The use of tobacco T8 indicator plant to explore the relationship between ozone injuries and hypersensitive reactions of plants. Results showed: (1) The tissue culture technique is a successful propagation method for providing black nightshades with more sensitive and uniform responses to ozone. An charcoal-filtered or ozone-free ambient air used during plantlet acclimatization can increase the O3 sensitivity. (2) Among the six monitoring sites in the NTU campus, the leaf injury index percentage (LII%) of T8 seedlings were the largest in the copying room of the dormitory. Among the six classrooms in Taipei City, the foliar injuries of the T8 seedlings in Wen-Hua Elementary School were the most serious. (3) Pre-exposure to O3 is a critical factor that decrease the O3 sensitivity and chronically exposed old leaves help protect young leaves from acute injuries when later exposed to O3. (4) Hypersensitive reactions (HR) can be induced by Xanthomons campestris pv. vesicatoria (Xcv ), a non-host bacterium, on two tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) cultivars with different sensitivity of ozone. While the O3-sensitive tobacco cv. Bel-W3 displayed significantly higher HR intensity than the ozone-resistant tobacco cv. Bel-B. In an age-related study, the older leaves of O3-sensitive tobacco cv. Bel-W3 displayed significantly higher HR intensity than younger leaves. Ozone can be phytotoxic to plants or as an elicitor as well, and both the mechanisms are complex. This study represented that the ozone indicator plants were an ideal model plant to explore the relationship between ozone injuries and hypersensitive reactions of plants.

並列關鍵字

Ozone biomonitoring ； tissue culture ； tobacco ； Xanthomons campestris pv. vesicatoria ； hypersensitive reactions

參考文獻

劉淑鈴, 謝明村, 陳忠川. 2007. 龍葵之本草與藥用植物學考證. 中醫藥雜誌18, 37-50.

Chang, Y.S., Yu, M.R., 2001. Correlation between ozone resistance and relative chlorophyll fluorescence or relative stomatal conductance of bedding plants. Botanical Bulletin of Academia Sinica 42, 265-272.

Ahuja, I., Kissen, R., Bones, A.M., 2012. Phytoalexins in defense against pathogens. Trends in Plant Science 17, 73-90.

Allen, R.J., Wadden, R.A., Ross, E.D., 1978. Characterization of potential indoor sources of ozone. American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal 39, 466-471.

Alves, E.S., Moura, B.B., Pedroso, A.N.V., Tresmondi, F., Domingos, M., 2011. The efficiency of tobacco Bel-W3 and native species for ozone biomonitoring in subtropical climate, as revealed by histo-cytochemical techniques. Environmental Pollution 159, 3309-3315.