機車騎士對於自行車的風險感知及行為互動之研究

近年來，打造自行車友善環境，已經成為推動綠色交通的重要政策之一。然而不論是私人自行車或公共自行車，使用環境皆受限於市區道路空間不足以及法規的不明確，自行車騎乘在人行道上不但違規且易與行人步行安全發生衝突；若騎乘在一般道路上，其安全性亦受到其他機動車輛之威脅。根據交通部道安委員會的資料，自行車歷年所涉入的事故件數呈現逐年增加的趨勢。由於自行車不時與其他機動車輛共同行駛在一般道路上，使自行車與其他機動車輛發生事故的風險增加，其中又以機車為台灣特殊且主流的運輸工具，是與國外相較為不同的行車文化。此外，自行車在現有法規上屬於「慢車」，除了自行車專用道或設有自行車標誌之人行道以外，在一般道路上通常會騎乘在慢車道與機車相鄰因而互動較為頻繁，事故資料分析也證明機車是最頻繁與自行車發生事故的運具。因此，若能提高機車騎士對於自行車的風險意識，並了解影響其行為的因素，將可減少其與自行車互動時採取危險駕駛行為的可能性，並透過導正行為的合理策略進而改善道路安全。本研究以計畫行為理論為基礎並透過問卷調查獲得405位機車騎士的有效樣本，利用結構方程模式分析不同構面對於機車騎士在道路上與自行車互動時駕駛行為傾向的影響。研究結果顯示，「駕駛態度」的影響力遠大於「社會規費及他人看法」、「駕駛信心」、「風險感知」等構面，因此對於機車騎士與自行車之間的行為互動而言，機車騎士是否傾向於採取防禦性駕駛行為，「駕駛態度」是最重要的決定因素。此外受試者普遍認為自行車的一系列違規行為相當危險，儘管機車騎士可以認知到風險的存在，但「風險感知」構面對於行為的影響力卻不如「駕駛態度」顯著。本研究的結果能夠作為主管單位改善道路交通安全的參考依據，並有助於提高民眾對於自行車的安全意識。

關鍵字

機車；自行車；計畫行為理論；風險感知

並列摘要

In recent years, the friendly environment and related facilities of bicycles has become one of the important policies in promoting green transportation. However, the environment for cycling is limited by road space in the urban area and the unclear laws and regulations. Cycling on the sidewalk not only violates regulations, but also easily conflicts with pedestrian safety. If cycling on a general road, its safety is also threatened by other motorized vehicles. According to the data from the Ministry of Transportation and Communications, the number of accidents involving bicycles has been increasing year by year. When cycling with other motor vehicles on normal roads, the risk of accidents between bicycles and other motorized vehicles becomes higher, especially with motorcycles. In addition to bicycle lanes or sidewalks with bicycle signs, bicyclists usually ride on slow lanes next to motorcycles, and therefore generating more risks between motorcycles and bicycles. Accident data analysis has also shown that motorcycles have accidents with bicycles most frequently. If the motorcyclists’ awareness of bicycles can be improved, and realize the factors that affect their behaviors, the possibility of risk and motorcyclists’ risky behaviors interacting with bicycles can be reduced. Thus, road safety can be improved through reasonable strategies that can improve motorcyclist’s behaviors. This research aims to apply the Theory of Planned Behavior to explore the perceptions of motorcyclists on bicyclist’s behaviors based on effective samples of 405 motorcyclists through a questionnaire survey. The structural equation model is used to analyze the influence of different dimensions on the riding behavior tendency of motorcyclists when interacting with bicycles on the road. The research results show that the influence of “Riding attitude” is much greater than other dimensions such as “Social regulations and opinions of others”, “Riding confidence” and “Risk perception”. Therefore, whether motorcyclists tend to adopt defensive riding behaviors, “Riding attitude” is the most important determinant. In addition, although the subjects can recognize the existence of risks, the influence of the “Risk perception” dimension on behavior is not as significant as the “Riding attitude”. Results and findings of this research can be used as a reference for improving road traffic safety and people's awareness of bicycle safety.