琅岐島的空間生產與尺度重構：從僑鄉到「世界的島」

the Production of Space and the Rescaling of LangQi Island:from the Hometown of Overseas Chinese to World Island

羅興與(Xingyu Luo)

指導教授 ： 黃麗玲

國立臺灣大學/工學院/建築與城鄉研究所/碩士(2020年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU202003279

摘要

移民研究是近年學術研究熱門，但移民的原鄉，卻相對受到研究忽略。而且，中國的僑鄉研究，多是針對1949年之前形成的「老僑鄉」的歷史研究，很少涉及改革開放後所形成的僑鄉，以及僑鄉之空間發展議題。本研究探究改革開放以來的福州僑鄉空間發展，並選擇近十年來正面臨劇烈地景變化的閩江口琅岐島作為研究對象。本文題目中「世界的島」，包含至少雙重意涵：首先是對在地人而言，琅岐是富有草根跨國連結的僑鄉；再之是官方規劃中，琅岐以世界級主題樂園主導的「國際生態旅遊島」定位。
本研究首先分析閩江口僑鄉的形成，從三個部分展開分析：僑鄉歷史脈絡、僑鄉形成後產生的新社會組織以及僑匯主導的空間生產。這一階段，因閩江口常年作為台海前線，國家力量尚未深刻介入空間生產，閩江口人依靠自身努力建立跨國移動網絡，主導農業島變僑鄉的過程。再來，本研究通過都市計畫資料和田野調查，分析福州市和琅岐島的空間變遷與尺度重構。在福州市及琅岐島的跨國空間形成中，在地和國家力量始終緊密交織。隨著政府間權力關係改變：從改革開放初，到分稅制改革，再到海峽西岸經濟區和國家級福州新區的設立；福州的都市空間經歷國家化，到地方化，再到國家化與地方化並存的三個階段。而琅岐空間發展也因此與市區發展不斷互動，目前主要通過各級政府主導的不同層次的基礎設施建設與福州市及福州新區產生再尺度化的互動。
最後，本文回到對在地的關切，通過數個案例分析「僑」的特性如何影響到地方企業化下的中國都市治理。在規劃新階段中，僑資雖被制度性排除在空間生產外，但僑鄉還是施展出「被統治的技藝」，通過非正式性手段，使得僑鄉空間變遷與中國持續高發展下的隨處可見的國家資本主導的空間營造產生差異。目前，僑鄉暫時與開發計畫達成平衡，但「國際生態旅遊島」也仍持續作為國家化空間發展論述主軸。隨著都市計畫執行，「僑鄉」和「琅岐島」在空間尺度上逐漸分離，琅岐從在地和國家拉扯中，向國家想像下的「世界的島」邁出更大的一步。

關鍵字

僑鄉 ； 國家級新區 ； 新國家空間 ； 再尺度化 ； 地方企業化 ； 福州

並列摘要

Immigration study has been a hotspot of academic research for years. By comparison, the hometowns of the immigrants receive much less attentions. Furthermore, the studies of the hometowns of overseas Chinese (Qiaoxiang) are almost all about the history studies of old Qiaoxiang which formed before 1949. The situation of Qiaoxiang and how they entangled with yeyin planning after Reform and Opening-Up (gaigekaifang) are, however, rarely been discussed. This thesis focuses on the development of Fuzhou Qiaoxiang since the Reform and Opening-Up, and chooses the island Lang Qi in Minjiangkou which is facing a drastic landscape reform in this decade as the object of study. The title World Island has at least dual implications. Firstly, for the local, Lang Qi is a Qiaoxiang which has closely grassroot linkages to the whole world. Secondly, in official planning, Lang Qi is now positioned to International Ecotourism Island which is fulfilled with world-class theme parks.
First of all, the formation of Qiaoxiang in Minjiangkou is studied from three aspects: the historical contexts, the newly formed social organizations and the production of space dominated by remittances. In the stage of Qiaoxiang formation, the state power had not deeply involved in the production of space in Minjiangkou, on account that it was seen as the frontier of Taiwan Strait. People in Minjiangkou set up multinational internet of clandestine immigration all by themselves and led the transformation from an agricultural island to a transnational town. Next, through urban planning reports and fieldwork, this thesis analyzes the space transition and the rescaling of the city of Fuzhou and Lang Qi. In the production of transnational space in Fuzhou and Lang Qi, the state and local forces have been inextricably interwoven. Along with the changing of power relationship, from the Reform and Opening-Up to the Tax Sharing Reform and the establishments of Western Taiwan Straits Economic Zone and the Fuzhou New Area, the urban space construction in Fuzhou went through three stages, from state to local space reconstruction, and finally the combination of these two. And thus, the space development of Lang Qi interaction with the development of downtown area and now rescaling along with the Fuzhou New Area mostly through multi-scalar infrastructures dominated by governments at all levels.
At last, this thesis goes back to the concern of the local. Through the analysis of a numeral of cases, it explicates how the character of Qiao affects the governance of space under local entrepreneurialism. In the new phase of the planning, the Qiaoxiang capital on the one hand is institutionally expelled from the production of space; on the other hand, Qiaoxiang practices “the art of being governed”, by using informal techniques to differ the transition of Qiaoxiang from the space construction dominated by state capital, which is ubiquitous under the continuous rapid development of China. By far, Qiaoxiang tentatively reaches a balance with the development programming, although the International Ecotourism Island continued to be the emphasis of the state discourses. Along with the execution of the urban planning, Qiaoxiang and Lang Qi gradually separate apart on the scale of the island. Lang Qi, from the tension of the local and the state, is now taking a bigger step towards the state imagined World Island.

並列關鍵字

Qiaoxiang (hometown of overseas Chinese) ； state-level new area ； new state space ； rescaling ； local entrepreneurialism ； Fuzhou

參考文獻

外文論著

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