- 學位論文
透過公共參與及群眾資源進行生態系統服務社會價值模擬──以大屯溪流域為例
Using PPGIS and crowdsourcing for mapping social values for ecosystem services: The case study of Datuan basin
摘要
人類行為及活動往往造成土地顯著且快速的變遷，進而影響土地及資源之價值，因此，在評估生態統服務價值時，必須將人類社會活動與環境之相互關係及生物物理整合性資訊納入考量。社會價值近年來被許多研究認為能代表人與環境之關聯性，因此將其與生態系統整合為社會生態系統(social-ecological systems)，而社會價值研究發展出的地方性取向(place-based)量化方法現今也被許多研究視為生態系統文化服務之量化方法。生態系統服務之社會價值模式(Social Values for Ecosystem Services, SolVES)為一新興之社會價值量化模式，其特點為結合地方性取向量化方法之資料以及自然環境因子，綜合評估一地之社會價值分佈。 本研究以大屯溪流域為例，使用公共參與地理資訊系統(Public Participation Geographic Information System, PPGIS)以及群眾資源(Crowdsourcing)方式收集資料，並使用SolVES模式探討12項社會價值在大屯溪流域之分佈情形以及不同社會經濟背景之受訪者對於社會價值之觀感，最後以一致性分析探討公共參與地理資訊系統及群眾資源資料收集方式對社會價值結果之影響。 本研究結果為國內首次以地方性取向量化方法模擬社會價值分佈，研究結果發現，由於受訪者提供之社會價值出現點位皆在大屯溪沿岸周圍，因此社會價值多聚集在大屯溪沿岸附近，並且與到河流的距離之環境因子有非常密切的關係。不同背景之受訪者族群根據其生活需求、工作經驗以及教育訓練，其重視的社會價值以及社會價值分佈之位置和標記數量會有所不同，進而影響其社會價值模擬結果之面積。此外，本研究結果發現，透過詳盡的研究區域以及社會價值介紹，非當地居民也可以產出與當地居民意見相似的社會價值結果，但需要長久生活經驗才能了解的歷史價值，則仍需要到當地訪談，才能呈現較貼近當地實際情形之結果。 關鍵字:社會價值、生態系統服務、公共參與地理資訊系統、群眾資源、公民科學、生態系統服務之社會價值模式(SolVES)、自願性地理資訊
並列摘要
An ecosystem provides tangible and intangible benefits to humans; however, as human activities constantly cause enormous and rapid change of environment, it is essential to include information resulting from both social and biophysical assessments when we evaluate ecosystem services. Social values, representing the link between humans and the environment, are integrated into the ecosystem and quantified by a placed-based method which refers to the valuation methodology of ecosystem services in current studies. Social values for ecosystem services model (SolVES) is developed in response to the need for incorporating quantified and spatially explicit measures of social values into ecosystem services assessments. The study took Da-Tun brook as a case study. Using the data collected via the ways of public participation geographic information system (PPGIS) and crowdsourcing, the SolVES model was applied to calculate social value index in the area of Da-Tun brook. The results of the study describe the spatial distribution of social values in the study area and the comparisons of results among respondent groups from different socioeconomic backgrounds. Also, the study used kappa efficient to demonstrate the differences between PPGIS and crowdsourcing results. Key findings indicate that: (1) social values assemble near Da-Tun river due to the reason that the places marked by respondents are also near Da-Tun river. Moreover, this result shows that social values in Da-Tun brook are highly relative to the distance to the river, (2) people from different socioeconomic backgrounds reveal different social values results, also, different respondent groups show different preferences towards social values, (3) with a thorough introduction of study area and social values, PPGIS social values results are similar to those from crowdsourcing; however, historic results show larger difference between PPGIS and crowd sourcing results due to the fact that long living experience is necessary for mapping historic value in an area. Key words: social values, ecosystem services, PPGIS, crowd sourcing, citizen science, Social Values for ecosystem services (SolVES), Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI)
參考文獻
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