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Search Symbol (Half-width) Description of Search Symbols
Space "AND" indicates the intertwining of key terms used in a search
Double Quotation Marks ("") ( " " ) Double quotation marks indicate the beginning and end of a phrase, and the search will only include terms that appear in the same order of those within the quotations. Example: "image process" : " image process "
? Indicates a variable letter. Entering two ? will indicate two variable letters, and so on. Example: "Appl?", search results will yield apple, apply… e , appl y … ( (often used to English word searches) )
* Indicates an unlimited number of variable letters to follow, from 1~n. Example: Enter "appl*", search results will yield apple, apples, apply, applied, application…(often used in English word searches) e , appl es , appl y , appl ied , appl ication … ( (often used to English word searches) )
AND、OR、NOT

Boolean logic combinations of key words is a skill used to expand or refine search parameters.
(1) AND (1) AND: Refines search parameters
(2) OR (2) OR: Expands search parameters (3) NOT: Excludes irrelevant parameters

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DOI stands for Digital Object Identifier ( D igital O bject I dentifier ) ,
and is the unique identifier for objects on the internet. It can be used to create persistent link and to cite articles.

Using DOI as a persistent link

To create a persistent link 「 https://doi.org/ 」 before a DOI.
For instance, if the DOI of an article is 10.5297/ser.1201.002 , you can link persistently to the article by entering the following link in your browser: https://doi.org/ 10.5297/ser.1201.002
The DOI link will always direct you to the most updated article page no matter how the publisher changes the document's position, avoiding errors when engaging in important research.

Cite a document with DOI

When citing a document with a DOI, the DOI permanent URL should always be presented (if using APA or Chicago format, present https://doi.org/DOI number). If using a citation format that does not specify DOI, the DOI permanent URL should still be presented as a priority.

DOIs allow accurate citations, improve academic contents connections, and allow users to gain better experience across different platforms. Currently, there are more than 70 million DOIs registered for academic contents. If you want to understand more about DOI, please visit airiti DOI Registrationdoi.airiti.com ) 。

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Reference ( 40 ) 〈TOP〉
  1. 1. Alfieri, A., Groot, R., Kroon, L., and Schrijver, A. 2006. Efficient Circulation of Railway Rolling Stock. Transportation Science. 40(3): 378-391.
  2. 2. Ben-Khedher, N., Kintanar, J., Queille, C., and Stripling, W. 1998. Schedule Optimization at SNCF: From Conception to Day of Departure. Interfaces. 28(1): 6-23.
  3. 3. Brucker, P., Hurink, J., and Rolfes, T. 2003. Routing of Railway Carriages. Journal of Global Optimization. 27: 313-332.
  4. 4. Budai, G., Maróti, G., Dekker, R., Huisman, D., and Kroon, L. 2010. Rescheduling in passenger railways: the rolling stock rebalancing problem. Journal of Scheduling. 13(3): 281-297.
  5. 5. Cacchiani, V., Caprara, A., and Toth, P. 2010. Solving a real-world train-unit assignment problem. Mathematical Programming. 124(1-2): 207-231.
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