世界主要磁磚產業群聚之研究--以義大利、西班牙、中國佛山為例

The Study of The Main Ceramic Tile Cluster in the World--Examples of Italy, Spain and Foshan China

羅美浩(Mei-Hor Lo)

指導教授 ： 黃恆獎

國立臺灣大學/管理學院/國際企業管理組/碩士(2006年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2006.01017

摘要

目前在世界磁磚產業裡，最具競爭力應屬義大利、西班牙及最近幾年崛起的中國(以佛山為主)，根據2004年的資料，此三國的生產量佔世界總產量的52%，義大利與西班牙的出口量佔世界總出口量的46%，若將中國加進去則佔63%，此三地有一共同特點就是它們的磁磚產業是以群聚型態出現，與其它不具群聚型態的磁磚生產國比較，確有其競爭優勢，也證明了區域型經濟通常是最具競爭優勢體系。
本研究嘗試運用世界磁磚產銷資訊等資料，再輔以價值鏈、群聚效應、鑽石模型等理論探討義大利Sassuolo、西班牙Castellon、中國佛山三大主要群聚之成長及發展而分析各群聚的核心競爭力，經研究發現Sassuolo以機械設備、隱藏知識及行銷策略來強化其領導地位；Castellon則以陶瓷釉色原料、科學基礎帶動群聚的提升；而中國佛山則以成本優勢加入此行列。中國佛山群聚發展的較晚，應可從Sasssuolo、Castellon的發展過程，吸取經驗建構更有競爭力的產業群聚，而此競爭力是來自生產力及創新而不是低廉的勞動成本或幣值等因素。

關鍵字

磁磚產業 ； 價值鏈 ； 鑽石模型 ； 群聚效應

並列摘要

Nowadays, in the ceramic tile industry, Italy, Spain and Foshan China, which has started the industry in recent years, are the most competitive countries. According to the 2004’s data, the production of the three countries above accounts for 52% of the world’s production. As for the tile export, Italy and Spain alone account for 46% of the world’s tile export. The percentage will be up to 63% if China is added. The three countries have one thing in common-Cluster Effect. Other countries, with no Cluster Effect, can’t take the advantage in competition. It also proved that region economy is usually the best system of competition.
The study has been tried to apply the information of manufacturing and consumption in the world, along with theories of Value Chain, Cluster Effect, Diamond Model to explore the development of cluster in Sassuolo Italy, Castellon Spain and Foshan China and analyze their core competition. The study shows that Sassuolo reinforce its leadership with machinery equipment, tacit knowledge and marketing strategy; Castellon upgrades the cluster with the glaze material and the science; Foshan China take part in the industry with cost advantage. Foshan China develops cluster later than do Sassuolo and Castellon, which benefits Foshan to get experience in organizing cluster with competitiveness. The competitiveness is from productivity and innovation not low wages, or a devalued currency.

並列關鍵字

Ceramic Tile Industry ； Value China ； Diamond Model ； Cluster Effect

參考文獻

Silvia Bertolani (2005)：The Italian Ceramic Machinery Industry，Ceramic World Review 63

Gian Paolo Crasta (2005)：Slight Fall in Production Cost of Italian Tiles，Ceramic Wrold Review No.62

王雪琴、曹昊(2003)：佛山陶瓷企業面臨法律問題分析與對策，佛山陶瓷78期

伍思成(2005)：我國陶瓷色釉料產業迅速崛起成為世界最大生產國和出口國，中國建築衛生陶瓷2005年第7期

李紅敏、吳基球(2005)：如何提高陶瓷原料資源的利用率，中國陶瓷2005年第8期