合歡山臺灣冷杉林枯落物動態

Litterfall dynamics of Abies kawakamii Stand at Mountain Hehuan, Taiwan

林京翰(Chin - Han Lin)

指導教授 ： 王立志

國立臺灣大學/生物資源暨農學院/森林環境暨資源學研究所/碩士(2012年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2012.02679

摘要

枯落物為生態系中的重要過程，惟尚未有人進行臺灣冷杉林枯落物研究。本研究於合歡山小風口冷杉林內設置枯落物網，在2011年1月至2011年12月每兩週收集一次枯落物。研究結果顯示，合歡山小風口冷杉林年枯落物量為3129 ±445 kg ha-1yr-1 （平均 ±樣本標準差），其中各組成比例為葉佔69%、枝條占12%、樹皮占11%、繁殖部占1%、其它占7%，顯示臺灣冷杉枯落物以葉部為主要回歸林地形式。研究期間枯落物最大高峰為十一、十二月，枯落物量分別為640 kg ha-1mo-1、507 kg ha-1mo-1，各占全年的 20.4%、16.2%，其中以葉部增加為主，可能為豪雨、冰雹或反應九月乾旱或低溫造成而大量落葉。一、二月枝條量為全年最多，推測可能為降雪加上強風所影響。臺灣冷杉枝芽展葉前後（四月底至六月初）枯落物量有些微增加，以冷杉葉部枯落物增加為主，可能因為降雨量及降雨強度增加造成枯落物提高，也有可能為冷杉抽芽並汰換舊葉所致。本研究期間受颱風影響並不明顯，夏季枯落物量較其他時期少。合歡山臺灣冷杉2011年繁殖部枯落物比例較其他冷杉林研究少。繁殖部物候方面，研究期間只發現一棵臺灣冷杉開雄花序，且未發現臺灣冷杉雌花序，未能觀察到完整之開花結實物候，推測2011年可能為合歡山臺灣冷杉開花結實欠年。

關鍵字

合歡山 ； 臺灣冷杉 ； 枯落物 ； 物候

並列摘要

Litterfall is one of the important processes in ecosystem studies, which hasn’t been studied on Abies kawakamii forests. Litterfall traps were set up near the tourist center in Xiao-Feng-Ko, Hehuan mountains. Litterfall was collected once every two weeks in 2011. Results showed that annual litterfall was 3129 ±445 kg ha-1 ( mean ± standard error of the mean ), which was composed of foliage ( 69% of total annual litterfall ), branch ( 12% ), bark ( 11% ), reproductive part ( 1% ), and miscellaneous ( 7% ), respectively, showing that foliage was the major path for litterfall. The peak of the litterfall was in November ( 640 kg ha-1, 20.4% of the whole year ) and December ( 507, 16.2% ) of which was composed of foliage mainly ( 86.4% of total litterfall in November, 83.2% of total litterfall in December ). This situation could have been caused by the heavy rain fall, hail fall, cold temperature, or a response to the previous drought in September. The peak of branch fall was in January and February (131 kg ha-1 two-mouths-1, 33.1% of the annual branch litterfall ), which could have been caused by snow and gusty wind. Litterfall ( mainly foliage ) increased a little bit near the timing of new foliage expansion ( late April to early June ), which could have been caused by the heavy rain fall in May, or the regeneration of the foliage. No significant typhoon occurred during study period, therefore, litterfall did not increase during summer season. As to the reproductive part, only a few microsporangia were found on roadside stand during the study period, yet no macrosporangia were found. Therefore, 2011 could be considered as a poor year of reproduction for Abies kawakamii.

並列關鍵字

Mountain Hehuan ； Abies kawakamii ； litterfall ； phenology

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