從「家園」到「公園」探討聚落公園的範型移轉

A Study on the transformation of settlements into parks

鄭珮吟(Pei-Yin Cheng)

指導教授 ： 康旻杰

國立臺灣大學/工學院/建築與城鄉研究所/碩士(2018年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU202104399

摘要

本研究以臺北市大安森林公園、四四南村及寶藏巖三種不同的公園範型為例探討聚落公園的公共性。大安森林公園為地景抹除式的設計綠生產地公園、四四南村公園設計則保留部分原有的眷村房舍，而寶藏巖更是把原住戶也一併納入考量，重新調整都市計畫土地使用分區的公園用地並劃設專用區，讓部分原住戶可以繼續住在家園，與公園形成聚落共生的活保存設計。研究首先爬梳公園開闢前的聚落形成脈絡與政府政策之影響，分析公眾對公園先前的地景及聚落生活的記憶。其次研究顯示在都市計畫公園開闢的執行過程中，市民對於公園強烈需求的公共利益與聚落居民產生張力，在以公共利益至上的名義及考量下，這樣的公共性使原先在公園預定地生活的聚落經常在都市計畫公園用地的落實開闢後被取代消失，從家園轉變為公園過程在公共性的權衡中被迫瓦解離散。然而本研究也從案例中看見公園規劃設計的不同可能性，透過保存行動和變更都市計畫土地使用分區的劃設方式，將原有的地景與聚落融入公園設計中保留共存。
從都市的發展歷史脈絡來看，本研究認為這些原先在公園預定地上的非正式住宅並非是擠壓公共利益的佔地者，反而是透過自力營造緩解戰後當時政府住宅供應量不足的危機，在公共土地上建造集體家園。本研究關注聚落的情感以及聚落生活經歷，發現這些「臨時性」的家園中實際上具有一種高度包容性的公共價值。相較於四四南村及寶藏巖在聚落拆遷前還有一些家戶訪談及影像、文字等資料記錄留存，大安森林公園闢建前有關聚落的資料蒐集有限，因此本研究透過多項的研究設計行動，包括以社群網路平台建立蒐集故事活動，成功找到好幾位消失二十多年曾經居住在大安森林公園預定地的原住戶，讓大安森林公園前身消逝的家園鄰里在網路平台重現「虛擬聚落」，創造了另一種形式的聚落再現。

關鍵字

大安森林公園 ； 聚落 ； 公共公園 ； 公共性 ； 生活記憶

並列摘要

This study takes three different types of parks (Daan Park, 44 South Village, and Treasure Hill Symbiotic Settlement in Taipei) as case studies to discuss the publicness of settlements and parks. Daan Park is developed under the premise of landscape erasing, the design of 44 South Village retains some houses of the original military dependents’ village, while Treasure Hill Artist Village adopts an approach of dynamic conservation by rezoning park use to accommodate the original inhabitants in their homeland within the designated park land. This study first analyzes the context and the governmental intervention of the settlements before the parks were open up to interpret the public memory of the previous landscape and settlements. Secondly, this research reveals the tension between the citizens’ general demands for public parks and the strong attachment of the settlement inhabitants during the planning and implementation of the parks. Oftentimes the settlements gave way to the development of parks in the name of publicness, and the inhabitants had no choice but to enter the phase of diaspora. However, this study also finds different possibilities from the chosen cases that by changing the park plans, some of the original landscapes and settlements could be integrated into the design through the actions of dynamic preservation.
From the historical context of urban development, this study argues that these informal settlements before the parks did not indicate that the public interests were monopolized by the squatters, on the contrary, they might have mitigated the crisis of insufficient government housing supply by collectively autoconstructing their homeland on the public land. This study pays close attention to the affective dimension of the settlement inhabitants and their life experiences, and finds that the radical inclusion of these settlements as a mode of ‘temporary’ homeland actually defined their public value. While it’s still possible to track the settlement experiences of 44 South Village and Treasure Hill Symbiotic Settlement before the transformation, the diaspora record of the Daan Park inhabitants was comparatively difficult to find. Through a number of research design actions, this study has successfully found a few original inhabitants of the Daan Park who have disappeared from the scene for more than 20 years and helped them to reproduce a “virtual settlement” on the network platform to create another form of settlement recurrence.

並列關鍵字

Daan Park ； settlements ； public parks ； publicness ； life memory

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