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  • 學位論文

閩南西片方言音韻研究

The Phonology of Western District of Southern-Min

指導教授 : 楊秀芳

摘要


「閩南西片」是漳平及龍巖的閩南話,緊鄰閩西客語區。閩南西片內部可分為八個區塊,本論文針對閩南西片方言,做詳細的共時音系描述以及歷時的音韻比較。並以閩南西片的形成為借鏡,思考漢語方言的發展模式。 閩南西片是以客畲語言為底層,上覆漳州方言而形成的閩南話。來自漳州的閩南移民在漳平及龍巖一帶長久地與客畲語言接觸,本地的原居民經歷漫長的雙語時期後,最後放棄了母語,成為閩南單語者,這個過程稱為「語言轉用」(language shift)。語言轉用伴隨著「底層干擾」(shift-induced interference),閩南西片的音系、詞彙系統,都可看到客畲語言的特點。我們 在閩南西片的歷史音韻探討中,也可發現底層音系與上層音系的互動與競爭。 閩南西片的形成過程抨擊了譜系樹理論的語言發展觀。譜系樹理論所闡述的語言演變圖式對漢語方言研究有重大影響,但譜系樹排除了「語言接觸」狀況,可是同源語言與不同源語言之間的接觸卻是漢語十分常見的現象。我們透過閩南西片這個帶著接觸性質的方言區,重新檢視漢語方言的形成與發展。過去羅杰瑞原始閩語的擬構可以說是歷史比較法在漢語方言歷史研究中有效性的一個測試,由於完全遵循傳統歷史語言學的思路,構擬的結果忽視了語言的外來影響。漢語方言的研究必須嘗試新的途徑,從「語言轉用」來瞭解漢語的變化和方言的形成,就是一個有發展性的途徑。 本文第一章為續論,說明我們的基本理念與研究方法。第二章描寫閩南西片與周邊的萬安方言的平面語音系統。第三章討論閩南西片的歷史音變,本章的焦點是閩南西片後起的創新變化。由於閩南西片是漳州移民與本地民族語言接觸後形成的閩南話區域,因此我們的作法是以漳州音系作為參照點,觀察閩南西片與本土漳州的異同,推測閩南西片的歷史演變過程。第四章說明了閩南西片保留的古閩語訊息,以及分析閩西漢語方言共同形成的區域音韻特性。第五章總結本論文的研究成果。

並列摘要


Western district of Southern-Min refers to the Southern-Min Dialect spoken in the region of Zhangping and Longyan, which located near the Hakka in western Fujian. Western district of Southern-Min can be classified into eight categories. The purpose of this research is to investigate the synchronic phonology and diachronic sound change of Western district of Southern-Min. Given the findings of Western district of Southern-Min, this paper will explore the development process of Chinese dialects. Western district of Southern-Min is developed from the language substratum of Ke-She language, while Zhangzhou dialect serves as the superstratum. In the region of Zhangping and Longyan, aboriginal people had a long history of speaking two languages due to long-term engagement with immigrants from Zhangzhou. Gradually, aboriginal people of Zhangping and Longyan gave up their native language and became Southern-Min monolingual. This process is called “language shift”. Shift-induced interference took place over the course of language shift. Characteristics of Ke-She language can be found in the phonology and lexical system of Western district of Southern-Min. By analyzing the phonological history, we can find the interaction and competition between the substratum and superstratum. The development process of Western district of Southern-Min violates the family-tree theory. The use of family-tree pattern has a great influence in the study of Chinese dialects. Nevertheless, family-tree pattern neglects the impact of language contact, which is a common phenomenon in Chinese dialect. To review the development process of Chinese languages, we investigate dialects with contact property. The reconstruction of Proto-Min employed by Jerry Norman can be regarded as a test under “comparative method”, which is one of the effective approaches in researching Chinese dialects. However, the reconstructive result overlooks the external impact of languages, since the reconstruction method is constructed solely by traditional historical linguistic. A new approach is required in researches of Chinese dialects, and “language shift” can be considered as an effective one in learning the changes of Chinese languages and the formation of dialects. The first chapter of this paper is the introduction of basic idea and methodology. The second chapter illustrates the synchronic phonology of Western district of Southern-Min and Wanan dialect, the nearby area. The third chapter discusses the diachronic sound change, especially the innovative changes in latter period. Since Western district of Southern-Min implies the Southern-Min speaking area emerged from the long-term engagement between immigrants from Zhangzhou and aboriginal people, we will take the phonology of Zhangzhou as the reference point. This enables us to compare the similarities and differences the languages between Western district of Southern-Min and Zhangzhou. Therefore, we can deduce the developing process of Western district of Southern-Min. The fourth chapter demonstrates the ancient Min element in Western district of Southern-Min and analyzes the common phonological characteristics among the Chinese dialects spoken in the nearby area. The fifth chapter concludes the result of this research.

參考文獻


陳筱琪.2008.《廣東陸豐閩南方言音韻研究》,臺北:臺灣大學中國文學系碩士論文。
陳筱琪.2011a.〈聚變與裂變-龍巖城關閩南話的韻母演變〉,《臺灣語文研究》6.1:37-67。
江敏華.2004.〈閩西客語音韻的保守與創新〉,《聲韻論叢》第13輯,頁251-270。
張屏生.2001.〈臺北縣石門鄉的武平腔客家話的語音變化〉,《聲韻論叢》11: 217-242。
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被引用紀錄


徐維莉(2012)。廣西省賀州市公會鎮客家話研究〔碩士論文,國立中央大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://www.airitilibrary.com/Article/Detail?DocID=U0031-1903201314455827
劉淑惠(2014)。廣西鍾山客家話研究〔碩士論文,國立中央大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://www.airitilibrary.com/Article/Detail?DocID=U0031-0412201511580173

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