由孢粉紀錄看宜蘭平原最近4200年來的自然環境演變及其與史前文化發展之關係

林淑芬

doi:10.6342/NTU.2004.02519

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由孢粉紀錄看宜蘭平原最近4200年來的自然環境演變及其與史前文化發展之關係

Environmental and Climatic Changes in Ilan Plain over the Recent 4200 Years as Revealed by Pollen Data and their Relationship to Prehistory colonization

林淑芬 , Ph.D　　Advisor：劉平妹　　Co-advisor ：黃增泉

繁體中文 DOI： 10.6342/NTU.2004.02519

宜蘭平原；孢粉分析；史前文化；古環境變遷； prehistory colonization ； environmental changes ； Ilan Plain ； pollen analysis

Abstract │ Reference (102) │ Times Cited (17) │ Altmetrics

Abstract 〈TOP〉

宜蘭平原由於地理位置與地形之故，深受季風環流的影響，而其快速沉降的大地構造背景，提供了解析晚全新世古氣候與古環境資料的契機。
根據孢粉分析的結果，宜蘭地區在距今4000~3500年前左右曾經發生一次短暫的海侵事件，並在武淵、龍德一帶的地層中留下大量屬於紅樹林植物的紅茄苳屬（Bruguiera）花粉及鹵蕨屬（Acrostichum）孢子，之後隨著海水的退去，平原區上也紛紛進行著由海變陸，類似由今日的海岸地帶向內陸逐步遞移的環境變化，然而由於地理位置的差異，平原上各地的古環境演育在時程上出現先後之別，武淵一帶在距今3100~1400年前期間是一沼澤濕地的環境，在大約1400前左右轉變為陸地的堆積環境；龍德地區則是在2200(?)~1050年前之間是沼澤濕地的環境，而在大約850年前之後環境雖已變乾，但可能仍是長著草類的草生地環境；淇武蘭地區則是在2150~1950年前是沼澤濕地的環境，之後逐漸變乾，而在距今1350年前之後已是平地河岸的環境。
雖然最近幾千年內的古氣候波動已十分微弱，在宜蘭平原的地下孢粉紀錄中仍留下足以辨識的氣候訊息。根據本研究的分析結果，最近4200年來宜蘭地區的氣候條件在2300年前左右開始出現較為明顯的變化，由蕨類孢子的繁茂指示著2300~1950年前期間是一段相對較為潮濕的時期，宜蘭地區的降雨量增加，根據與七彩湖紀錄的對比，推論此時夏季季風可能增強；而由赤楊屬（Alnus）花粉的興衰變化，顯示自大約1950年前開始，氣候有轉涼的趨勢，在1550~1350年前期間是一段較為冷涼的時期，冬季季風在此時可能較為強盛；不過自1350年前開始，孢粉紀錄中喜暖的九芎屬（Lagerstroemia）、茜草樹屬（Randia）、溲流屬（Deutzia）等樹種花粉出現繁茂，指示著宜蘭地區的氣候型態已較之前溫暖，蕨類孢子的紀錄亦顯示1400~1100年前是一段相對較為濕潤的時期，意味著夏季季風可能再度增強；1100~900年前則是一段夏季季風與冬季季風可能相對退縮的時期，宜蘭地區呈現出風調雨順的氣候型態，此時期可能可與「中世紀暖期」相對應；而自900年前開始，冬季季風似乎再次增強，在地下地層中留下相對濕潤的孢粉紀錄；而自700年前開始的相對潮濕時期，則可能反映出「小冰期」的氣候變化。
自然環境變化對史前人群生存空間的壓縮與影響是不容忽視的問題。宜蘭地區發生在4000~3500年前的海侵事件可能是迫使原本居住在平原區的人們向高處遷移的原因，而此地在距今2400年前開始、長達千年以上的史前文化間斷則可能與季風增強、造成古人的生活條件惡化有關。古氣候的資料也顯示季風強度在大約1300年前左右已逐漸衰弱，相應於「中世紀暖期」的適宜氣候與環境則吸引了另一群人進入宜蘭地區居住。本研究結合考古學和古氣候研究的資料，顯示此地史前族群的遷移與當時的環境、氣候變化有密切的相關性。

Parallel Abstract 〈TOP〉

To detail fluctuations in climatic conditions during the late Holocene is one of the more challenging aspects of palynological study compared with conspicuous Pleistocene glacial interglacial changes.  Here, pollen studies in a site of rapid sedimentation ought be useful in interpreting the climatic history of the last several millennia. The Ilan Plain, facing the Pacific in northeastern Taiwan with an area of ca. 330 km square is geologically situated near the west end of the offshore Okinawa Trough.  This Plain is presently undergoing a serious subsidence and has an extremely high sedimentation rate due to the southwestward extension of the Okinawa Trough (Suppe 1984; Letouzey and Kimura 1986; Yeh et al. 1989; Liu 1995; Lai and Hsieh 2003).  Twenty-meter thick sediments are found within the last 3000 years and the Holocene sediments reach 120 meters-thick based on drilling cores (Chen W. S. 2000; Central Geological Survey 2001).  The existence of scattered wetlands and swamps in this deltaic plain provide good sites for studying climatic and environmental changes owing to the abundance of organic matter.  In this paper, we present radiocarbon-dated pollen stratigraphy from a drilling core collected from Wuyuan, a former wetland marsh and mutually an archaeological site in Ilan Plain. The data has been interpreted in the context of climatic and environmental changes, and furthermore, we also discuss human impact, when it occurred, over the past 4200 years.

Reference ( 102 ) 〈TOP〉

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連結：
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連結：
黃振祐（2002）沖繩海槽岩心近四萬年以來之高解析度古海洋/古氣候變遷記錄。師範大學地球科學研究所碩士論文，共99頁。
連結：
齊士崢、宋國城、陳邦禮、謝孟龍、蔡衡、傅炯貴（1998）蘭陽溪上游沖積扇的地形演育。環境與世界，第二期，第137-150頁。
連結：
劉平妹、黃淑玉、郭兆敏（2002）從孢粉記錄看近數千年台灣的氣候變遷趨勢。國立台灣大學地質科學系錢憲和、羅煥記教授榮退研討會論文集，第165-170頁。
連結：

Times Cited (17) 〈TOP〉

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