中共對南海主權爭端之戰略與策略

Communist China's strategy and tactics toward sovereignty disputes in the South China Sea.

陳韋成(Wei-Cheng Chen)

指導教授 ： 趙春山

淡江大學/國際研究學院/中國大陸研究所碩士在職專班/碩士(2016年)

https://doi.org/10.6846/TKU.2016.00153

摘要

南海是一處牽涉多國利益的敏感地區，且為當前國際熱點之一，南海擁有豐富的漁業資源、石油與天然氣，具有極高戰略重要性，因南海海域有眾多爭端方和區域外國家的涉入，使南海情勢複雜與多變；然而中共與菲律賓、越南、馬來西亞、印尼等南海周邊國家，均各自聲稱對南海部分或全部島礁擁有主權，南海主權爭議已久，至今仍未有良好解決方法。
中共面對菲律賓、越南等南海周邊國家利用美國在南海挑起事端等作為，在2012年至2013年期間，除維持一貫處理南海爭議問題立場「主權屬我、擱置爭議、共同開發」之外，在2014年則提出「雙軌思路」與「四個尊重」，以及在2015年提出「五個堅持」、「三點倡議」與「五點倡議」等原則及立場，再次表達與重申中共對於處理南海爭議問題之態度，即由直接當事國通過談判協商妥善解決爭議，以及由中共和東協國家共同維護南海的和平穩定，並呼籲各方應尊重歷史事實與國際法規。
本文以中共為主軸，探討中共在2012年4月至2015年12月期間，與南海周邊國家在南海產生摩擦及衝突事件之爭端背景、爭論要點之異同處，並歸納分析相關衝突事件對中共所主張之南海主權依據是否造成影響，以及中共係運用何種戰略目標與策略手段作為回應，藉以鞏固中共其南海主權權益主張及國家利益，相關舉措是否將對南海的區域安全及穩定造成影響。

關鍵字

雙軌思路 ； 四個尊重 ； 五個堅持 ； 三點倡議 ； 五點倡議

並列摘要

The South China Sea is a sensitive area which involves multi-national interests, and is a focus of the current international attention. The South China Sea is rich in fishery resources, petroleum and gas, and has a very high strategic importance. Due to the involvement of many disputing parties and countries outside the region, its situation becomes complex and changeable. As the surrounding countries such as China, the Philippines, Vietnam, Malaysia and Indonesia have each claimed sovereignty over some or all of the reefs of the South China Sea, there has been a long dispute over its sovereignty but yet a good solution.
Facing the trouble stirred up in the South China Sea by the Philippines, Vietnam and other neighboring countries which are backed up by the United States, in the period from 2012 to 2013 China maintained a consistent position of "the sovereignty is mine, put aside disputes and jointly develop the area" in dealing with the South China Sea dispute, in 2014 it proposed "twin-track thinking" and "four respects", and in 2015 it presented its principles and position by proposing "five adherences", "three proposals" and "five proposals" to again express and iterate its attitude toward dealing with the South China Sea dispute, namely to properly resolve the dispute directly by the countries involved through negotiations and consultations, and jointly safeguard peace and stability in the South China Sea by China and the ASEAN countries. It also called on all parties to respect historical facts, international laws and regulations.
This paper focuses on China and explores the background of its friction and clashes with the neighboring countries in the South China Sea, as well as the similarities and differences of their arguments in the period from April 2012 to December 2015. The paper also induces and analyzes whether the related clashes have made a impact on the basis of China’s claim of sovereignty over the South China Sea, and what strategic objectives and means China have employed in response in order to consolidate its sovereignty claim and national interests in the South China Sea, as well as whether the related measures will affect the regional security and stability of the South China Sea.

並列關鍵字

twin-track thinking ； four respects ； five adherences ； three proposals ； five proposals

參考文獻

王書毅(2012)，南海問題發展與兩岸合作可能性探討，淡江大學中國

許惟順(2012)，中共海軍之南海軍事戰略研究，淡江大學中國大陸研

蘇冠群(2012)，北京廿一世紀南海戰略，淡江大學國際事務與戰略研

劉楷嶸(2012)，南海議題及其對東亞區域整合之影響，淡江大學中國

王同生(2014)，胡錦濤時期中共南海戰略之研究-以國家安全戰略觀