從關係契約看BOT夥伴關係經營-以台北轉運站為例

The Study of Public-Private Partnership in BOT from the Perspective of Relational Contract － The Case Study of Taipei Transfer Station

張柏榮(Po-Jung Chang)

指導教授 ： 曾冠球

淡江大學/管理學院/公共行政學系公共政策碩士班/碩士(2012年)

https://doi.org/10.6846/TKU.2012.00205

摘要

壹、研究背景：我國政府以「公私部門夥伴關係」(public-private partnerships)模式推動公共建設的發展已行之有年，其主要目的是為了利用民間的資金與專業以紓緩窘迫的財政，並且創造額外財政收入同時增加就業機會，而推行公共建設的方式又以BOT（Build-Operate-Transfer）模式為大宗。BOT模式乃是公部門藉由契約的簽訂將特許權授予私部門，公私雙方在契約的架構之下共同合作開發公共建設，但是卻發現在這類以公私夥伴關係經營BOT的諸多案例之中不乏失敗的個案，由此可見契約的簽訂並無法保證契約目標得以實現，因此如何經營公私夥伴之間的「關係契約」（relational contract），藉此達成契約目標實為本研究焦點。
貳、理論基礎：本文以Macneil在1960年代首次提出的關係契約理論為基礎，此理論強調任何的契約不僅存在著財貨的交易同時包含了雙方之間關係的交流，Macneil認為關係交流幾乎無處不在，因此關係契約理論可以說是描述社會秩序的通用理論。
參、研究方法：本文首先透過文獻分析法整理出各領域學者對於關係契約的理論論述與看法，歸納出關係契約的三項特徵，包括：長期合作、條款開放以及自行履約。接著藉由深入訪談瞭解本研究個案的實務工作者對於關係契約的認知以及關係契約在實務中的呈現方式。
肆、研究發現：關係契約的三項特徵在本個案中各自扮演不同的角色與功能：
一、長期合作特徵：本特徵以各種不確定因素呈現在本個案中，是造成合作過程容易產生問題與爭議的主要因素；
二、條款開放特徵：本特徵能夠讓合作夥伴建立彼此之間的信任以及合作情感，有利於夥伴關係的穩定發展；同時提供契約內部的爭議處裡機制讓夥伴得以尋求雙方都能夠接受的爭議處理方式，契約內部的爭議協調機制有效的避免法律強制力在爭議產生時的直接介入，間接確保了合作關係的和諧。
三、自我履行特徵：在個案中本特徵扮演著「胡蘿蔔與棒子」的角色，以誘因與壓力兩中方式呈現於本個案中，確保法律強制力難以介入合作關係。

關鍵字

關係契約 ； 公私夥伴關係 ； BOT

並列摘要

I. Background: Our government use public-private partnerships mode to promoted the development of public construction has been several years.The main purpose is to ease the relief of financial distress, and create additional revenue while increasing employment opportunities, and the main way of implementation of public construction is BOT (Build-Operate-Transfer). The meaning of BOT model is the public sector granted concession to the private sector by signing contract. Then the public and private sector cooperation to develop public construction under the framework of the contract. But found that there are many failure cases, among many other cases of operating BOT by public-private partnerships mode. Shows that signing contract can not guarantee that the contract targets can be achieved, and how to operate relational contract between public and private sector, to achieve contract targets is the focus of this article.
II. Theoretical Foundations: Relational contract theory was first proposed by Macneil in the 1960s, this theory stressed that any contract not only exists goods trading but also relations exchanges between both sides. Macneil thinks that the relation exchanges are almost unbitquious, so relational contract theory is the general theory to description of social order.
III. Methods: Firstly, discourse and perspectives of scholars in various fields for the relational contract theory are sorted by literature analysis，and we conclude the following three features about relational contract：long-term cooperation、the opening of terms and self-enforcing.Then we can understand practitioners’ cognition for relational contract and the presentation of relational contract in practice in this case by in-depth interview.
IV. Conclusions: The three features of relational contract play different roles and have important function individually in this case.
1.Long-term cooperation：It’s main factor to cause problems and disputes easily in process of cooperation, and thus it unsure factor in this case.
2.The opening of terms：It enables to establish trust and cooperation among partners, and it's conducive to the stable development of the partnership.At the same time, it provide a mechanism that deal with controversy in contract for partners, and it will help partners search for the way that each other can accept. If there are controversy among partners, the mechanism of coordinating controversy in the contract can avoid interference of legal force directly, and indirectly ensure cooperation relationship.
3.Self-enforcing：It plays a role just like carrot-and-stick in this case, and it’s presentation of incentive and pressure to ensure that the force of law can’t intrude into the relationship of cooperation.

並列關鍵字

relational contract ； public-private partnerships ； BOT

參考文獻

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