舊建築再利用中歷史與文化的省思：以台北之家與紅樓劇場為例

Reflections on The Practice of Architectural Historical Preservation: A Study of The Reuse of Taipei Film House and Red Playhouse

吳梵煒(Fan-Wei Wu)

指導教授 ： 劉綺文

淡江大學/工學院/建築學系碩士班/碩士(2005年)

https://doi.org/10.6846/TKU.2005.00141

摘要

台灣自80年代開始實施「文化資產保存法」將舊建築指定為古蹟予以保存。在文化資產保存法的保護下，這些見證了台灣數百年歷史的舊建物得以延續其價值。然而，目前舊建築再利用的案例中，不外是企圖將新的機能置入閒置空間，重新賦予閒置空間一個新的使用方式讓建築得以延續。不過，後現代社會中，習慣於將元素壓縮與貼附至建築表皮，甚至認為古蹟之歷史價值亦只存在於建築表皮上。使得建築已不再是空間與場域的結合體，而淪為影像拼貼的複合物。其使用內容並隱含著對階級的限定，以各種生活風格及品味設定了上層階級的場域氛圍，使得古蹟有種無法讓一般民眾得以隨意進出的氛圍存在。上層階級將其認定的品味與生活方式套入古蹟再利用中，而人們以文化消費的方式學習權力階級認定的品味，透過學習權力階級的品味定位自身於社會中的位置。不過，所謂社會認定的品味，卻只是表達了社會中受過良好教育的那部份人的品味。古蹟成為中產階級對上層階級仿效的場域，古蹟中的生活無法與真實的日常生活連結，其與自身強調的文化、歷史面向有很大的落差，成為一種異質地方。舊建築的再利用讓建築得以從一種異質地方轉化成為同質地點，卻因為再利用的實踐方式專注於建築層面的價值，讓舊建築成為另一種面向的異質地方。

本論文藉由其他學科之理論探討，找出目前舊建築再利用習慣於以建築思考之價值觀所隱含之問題。針對台北之家及紅樓劇場之再利用現象詮釋，以數種不同層面探討，包括：歷史的詮釋權、文化空間之消費、影像與元素的拼貼再現、社會階級文化的指涉。最後，綜合探討台北之家與紅樓劇場之再利用手法與象徵性，討論期間的相同與相異性，試圖找出舊建築再利用中的慣性法則及其在文化與歷史上所忽視的觀點。

關鍵字

古蹟再利用 ； 場域系統 ； 歷史與詮釋 ； 品味與區分 ； 異質地方

並列摘要

The implementation of “Cultural Preservation Acts” since 1980’s has designated many historical buildings that had associated with Taiwan’s history in the past hundred years for preservation. Most of the historical preservation cases include new programs in the old buildings intending for the continuances of use. However, in the postmodern society, the historical values of these old buildings have often been narrowed to their facades only, and losing whole pictures of how people really used the settings in the buildings in the old days. Under such manners of preservation, the historical architecture has been turned into collages of images that had never existed before. Furthermore, the new uses of these historical buildings also imply tastes associated with urban elite class that may exclude general public use. The introduction of elite tastes and lifestyle in these historical buildings also indicates a process in which cultural consumption plays the role of class imitating that may be foreign to many people. Therefore, the historical buildings can no longer associate with the reality of present daily life; and the particular historical memories and experiences emphasized by the decision makers in power also impose a sense of disjunction, and making the historical buildings heterotopical places. Such creation of heterotopias in the reuse of historical buildings may deserve caution.

The thesis incorporates theories from social sciences, concentrating on issues of architectural historical preservations and problems imbedded in the practice of reuse. The study is focused on interpretation of the reuse of Taipei Film House and Red Playhouse. Some facets are discussed including interpretation of history, consumption of cultural spaces, image collage and historical representation, social class and cultural references. Finally, a comparison is made between the two historical preservation projects regarding their reuse and symbols, and some neglected issues related to Taiwanese culture and history are criticized.

並列關鍵字

Historical Building Reuse ； System of Settings ； History and Interpretation ； Taste and Distinction ； Heterotopia

參考文獻

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Bachelard, Gaston