「從外勞到外配」─泰國勞工與臺灣人結婚之個案研究

"From foreign workers to foreign spouses" ─ Case studies of Marriages between Thai workers and Taiwanese.

劉涵葳(Han-Wei Liu)

指導教授 ： 蔡青龍

淡江大學/國際研究學院/亞洲研究所碩士班/碩士(2012年)

https://doi.org/10.6846/TKU.2012.00442

摘要

自1992年台灣合法開放外籍勞工來台工作, 來台灣之外籍勞工，除了泰國，都是女性多於男性。只有泰國勞工以男性為主，來台做短期補充性之工作，從事製造業與建築業，最初年限為一次三年，至今延長至12年，雖然年限延長但外籍勞工來台仍需面對諸多限制。另外，有許多東南亞女性藉由「婚姻移民」進入台灣，外籍新娘成為被探討的議題，但是討論外籍新郎的跨國婚姻研究屬於少數。本研究以最初來台當外籍勞工的泰國勞工現今與台灣人結婚為訪談對象，討論他們來台工作後為何選擇這段婚姻？是屬於經濟性之因素或是非經濟性之因素？及泰國男女配偶婚姻型態差異。

根據筆者研究發現泰國勞工最初來台目的很清楚是「經濟性」考量，泰國籍勞工生活圈大多數為工廠，來到台灣後與台灣人接觸，配偶多是朝夕相處工廠之同事，顯示外籍勞工與台灣人結婚不再單純僅限於經濟性的目的，台灣開放外籍勞工來台已超過二十年，一方面依賴外籍勞工將工作年限不斷延長，另一方面又強烈防止他們成為變相移民，政策相互矛盾。

本研究中，所有個案皆表示是主動從外籍勞工成為外籍配偶，不論成為外籍配偶是來台工作後認識伴侶自由戀愛走入婚姻，或是為了經濟想繼續留在台灣工作，所有個案皆表示來台工作和原生家庭比較可賺取較高報酬，與台灣人結婚之後生活又比外籍勞工更好，不用面對年限限制且可以轉換雇主賺取更高報酬，在台行動相對更自由，在筆者所接觸的受訪者中，婚姻與工作交互融合，兩者已模糊難以劃分界線。

關鍵字

外籍勞工 ； 外籍配偶 ； 婚姻移民 ； 跨國勞工 ； 泰國男性配偶

並列摘要

Taiwan government legally opened foreign labor to work in Taiwan since 1992. Generally most foreign labors in Taiwan are female except Thailand. Thai labor is mostly dominated by men who came to do a short-term supplementary work in manufacturing and construction industry. The initially limitation of staying for them is three years per time but now it has been extended to 12 years. Although the duration has been extended but foreign workers still have to face many restrictions. In addition, many Southeast Asian women came to Taiwan by “marriage immigration” as foreign bride that has been discussed for so many years, however, there’s only few research for discussing transnational marriage of men. This research is aimed to the interviewees who are the Thai workers intended to work in Taiwan at first but later on married with Taiwanese. The research is also discussed why they chose to marry after worked in Taiwan. Is the reason for economic factor or for non-economic factor?

According to this study, the primary reasons that cause the Thai workers to come to Taiwan for a job are based on the economical factors, but after they have a factory life in Taiwan and get along with the Taiwanese for a longer time, the co-workers from Taiwan are those they choose to marry finally. This fact shows that the economical factors are not the only reasons in these marriages and indicates that the foreign workers can get married due to the love since Taiwan has welcomed them to have a job legally twenty years ago. However, there is a contradiction now─ Taiwan needs more foreign workers and agrees them to stay here for a longer time, but at the same time, strongly forbids them to be immigrants by the exotic marriage.

In this study, all of the respondents are willing to become a foreign spouse from a foreign worker. No matter their marriages are based on the love or the economical factors, all of them show that they can get higher salary in Taiwan instead of in Thailand, especially for those are in the exotic marriage because of the endless time for staying in Taiwan and the fact that they can change their boss. To sum up, the exotic marriages are so related to the jobs so that the boundary between them is very difficult to point out clearly.

並列關鍵字

foreign workers ； foreign spouse ； Migrants marriage ； Transnational labours ； Thai male spouse

參考文獻

林宗弘，2009，〈台灣的後工業化：階級結構的轉型與社會不平等1992-2007〉，台灣社會學刊，第43期，頁93-158。

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