清朝男色風氣之研究

劉德明

doi:10.6846/TKU.2009.00697

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清朝男色風氣之研究

The Research of Qing Dynasty Homoerotic Atmosphere

劉德明 , Masters　　Advisor：王樾　　

繁體中文 DOI： 10.6846/TKU.2009.00697

清朝男色；中國古代男色；同性情慾；同性戀； Qing Dynasty Homoerotic ； Classical Chinese Male Homoerotic ； Homoerotic ； Homosexual

Abstract │ Reference (163) │ Times Cited (2) │ Altmetrics

Abstract 〈TOP〉

本研究以中國古代男色發展為源流，延續探討清朝男色風氣發展盛況，由於中國古代「男色」現象不僅盛行於各個朝代，而且法律和道德基本上都對它持容忍的態度，明清時期很多來華的傳教士都對當時朝野間的男風深感驚訝，事實上，在中國古代「同性戀」與「異性戀」並非兩種完全對立和互相排斥的關係。回顧中國歷代「男色」的歷史文獻，筆者是從人類情慾發展的現象，來看同性情慾的形成，探討同性情慾的形成背景因素，這前提就是不預設同性戀歷史的立場，也不將異性戀與同性戀的對立態度來思考，而將其二分，因為異性戀與同性戀對古人而言可能是一種可以同時並行存在的經驗。
研究首先對古代男色之相關語詞與男色之文學作品與史料文獻進行討論，以區別中國歷代「男色」與現代「同性戀」的概念差異。其次從中國歷代男色情慾發展脈絡來討論分析，清朝男色風氣之發展則分成五大重點來討論：清朝的男色文學與風氣、帝王權貴之親狎男色、京師的優伶文化、閩地之男風發展、處罰同性性行為的法律。關於清朝男色持續興盛的原因，綜合比較前人觀點，從風俗文化、宗教觀點、政治經濟、心理層面、哲學思想等不同層面來論述。並認為清代的男色風氣有主要的兩支流脈，其一是「京師的優伶文化」，其二則是「閩地之男風發展」，它們各自有不同的歷史環境背景，並都導致男風盛行不墜的重要因素。
本研究從中國古代男色的發展來看，發現同性情慾一直存在人類情慾史的內涵中，這是一個事實的存在，然而東西方的社會對性觀念的看法差異，而形成不同的情慾文化發展。東方以中國古代為主的男色情慾，在默許的開放態度下，男色同性情慾隨著時代環境自然消長，有興有衰，並且持續著它情慾歷史的自然發展；西方社會則是以罪和病態觀點來看待同性情慾，但同性情慾也未因此而終結，反而刺激出身分更鮮明、自覺性更強的同性戀文化認同，成為近代一個重要的性概念。中國古代男色與近代同性戀文化雖然在內涵與形式發展上差異極大，不過在異中求同的部分，就是同性情慾存在人類情慾史的內涵中，無論認同與否，都無法抹殺這樣的事實，它的存在也讓我們重新思考人類情慾的本質，而中西方同性情慾的發展差異，也讓人得以思考情慾意識與道德觀念的差異。人類情慾史的內涵似乎不能單純的以異性戀的情慾意識來建構，在清代男色的研究中，不僅發現了同性情慾存在人類情慾史的內涵，另一個最重要的發現是人類情慾並不是單一的、固定的，它有更多的可能性、可變性，它的本身就像是一個多元的排列組合。

Parallel Abstract 〈TOP〉

Abstract：
This thesis studies Classical Chinese Male Homoerotic source development,and it discourses on Qing Dynasty homoerotic atmosphere. This classical chinese male homoerotic is in vogue for times.They take tolerance manner for Law and morals,and overseas missionary were surprised for this.In fact, “Homosexual” and” Heterosexual love”in old Chinese are not Opposition and Repel.
Reviewing the historical document of Chinese male homoerotic,we discourses on Homosexual forhuman passion standpoint.So “Homosexual” and” Heterosexual love” are together,not dichotomy.The experience maybe collateral for old Chinese people
   The discussion has five Parts. It includes “Homoerotic Literature of Qing Dynasty”,”King powerful official’s Male favors”,”National capital Male Actor culture”,”Male Homoerotic Atmosphere in Fujian”,and ”Low of Homoerotic action”.The different stratification plane elaborates are Custom culture,Religious viewpoint,Political economy,Psychological stratification plane,and Philosophic thinking.Two branch arteries of Homoerotic Atmosphere being the different historical situation background respectively are “National capital Male Actor culture”and” Male Homoerotic Atmosphere in Fujian”.They are the important attribute making the male homosexuality in vogue and not fall.
The Homoerotic passion has had the human passion history in the connotation.But East and West's society to natural idea view are difference.Its existence also lets us ponder the human passion the essence.Let us think the difference from human passion consciousness and the morality.Another most important discovery that the human passion is not sole, fixed, it has more possibilities, the variability.Itself likely is a multiplex arrangement combination

Reference ( 163 ) 〈TOP〉

何大衛，「中國古代男色文學研究」(台北：臺灣大學中國文學研究所碩士論文，2005)。
連結：
吳俞?隉A「地方˙性別˙記憶--〈聊齋誌異〉中的鬼魅考察」(國立中央大學中國文學研究所碩士在職專班論文，2006)。
連結：
蔡祝青，「明末清初小說中男女扮裝之性別與文化意義」(嘉義：南華大學文學研究所碩士論文，2001)。
連結：
蔣竹山，〈評介Sex, Law, and Society in Late Imperial China〉，《中國婦女史研究》9期，台北：中央研究院近代史研究所，(2001.8)，頁1-11。
連結：
賴惠敏、徐思泠，〈情慾與刑罰：清前期犯姦案件的歷史解讀（1644-1795）〉，《近代中國婦女史研究》第6期，(1998.8)，頁35-73。
連結：

Times Cited (2) 〈TOP〉

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