以葬儀文化與費用觀點探討日本高齡化社會

吳南燕

doi:10.6846/TKU.2010.00710

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以葬儀文化與費用觀點探討日本高齡化社會

The Study of Senior Society in Japan:Based on Funeral Culture and Expenditures

吳南燕 , Masters　　Advisor：洪振義　　

日文 DOI： 10.6846/TKU.2010.00710

日本高齡社會；高齡者福祉；葬儀文化；葬儀費用；葬儀補助制度；末期醫療；生活保護法； Japanese senior society ； senior welfare ； funerary culture ； funerary expense ； funerary aid system ； imminent death health care ； Public Assistance Law (Daily Life Security Law)

Abstract │ Reference (111) │ Altmetrics

Abstract 〈TOP〉

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The phrase, "population ages”, in modern times, is not merely a social phenomenon in Japan and Taiwan; it has become an aggravating societal problem. According to a population statistics conducted by National Institute of Population and Social Security Research of Japan, Japan ranks above all other nations with the highest ratio of senior citizens. Moreover, the ratio of elderly population in Japan has no predictable tendency of decreasing. In the year of 2050, this ratio is expected to reach 37.84%, effectively converts Japan to a super-senior nation with one out of every three people being above 65 years of age.
    Resolving social problems associated to senior citizens is bound to become a challenge of national concern. Population aging also incurs significant negative impacts on the economy, pertaining to various topics ranging from physical care insurance, at-home personal helper, to financial aid, and even just basic retirement life planning. This research focuses on the fundamental idea behind the caring of senior citizens -- "how citizens may approach old age with contentment, and accept the passing away of life with peace."
    For the purpose of investigating the root of Japanese funerary culture, this research touches upon Japanese religion and culture, especially how they together shape imminent death health care problems, post-death funeral adequacies, as well as the choosing and arrangement of burial sites. Additionally, this research also addresses how Japanese government protects the basic dignity of citizens facing death under the rulings of Public Assistance Law.
    This research adopts "documentary analysis" and "practical on-site investigation" as research methods. The types of documentary being analyzed involve journals or statistics concerning senior welfare, and official government-released surveys. As for practical investigations, the medical hospice in NIKATA (NAGAOA), provinces of Japan, are the targeted facilities.
    Taiwan, having a population structure that highly resembles that of Japan, had begun its population aging phase in 1993. It is estimated that Taiwan will also become a society of high proportion seniors in 2017. Taiwan will face the aging problem Japan now confronts in the near future. Therefore, in dealing with population aging, Taiwan may base its strategies on or refer to the Japan experience. The author here of hope the results of this research may contribute to the formation of future social welfare policies in Taiwan.

Reference ( 111 ) 〈TOP〉

何思儀(2007)<高齡社會變遷下，台灣老人如何活躍老年>，台北大学社会所碩士論文
連結：
范敏慧(2006)< 日本尐子高齢社会下労働市場研究>，淡江大学日本研究所碩士論文
連結：
現代お墓研究会（2000年）『お墓、どうしますか』ダイヤモンド社
連結：
簡聖文（2008）「高齢社会における福祉問題について─日台老人福祉施設の制度と比較」、長栄大学日本研究所修士論文。
連結：
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