建構胡錦濤時期的公共外交研究（2002-2012）

The Construction of China’s Public diplomacy under Era of Hu-Jintao(2002-2012)

陳瑛岳(Ying-Yueh Chen)

指導教授 ： 翁明賢

淡江大學/國際研究學院/國際事務與戰略研究所碩士在職專班/碩士(2013年)

https://doi.org/10.6846/TKU.2013.01161

摘要

自1978年中國實施改革開放後，其經濟力的GDP指標成長迅速，此種賦有硬權力意義的物質力量，在國際上為其提升部分實質的影響力，當然也間接的引起了「中國威脅論」的基調甚囂塵上。中國國家主席胡錦濤的10年任期中，遂於2003年提出所謂的「和平崛起」論，或之後如和平發展等修正路線，惟此論述並無法真正的完全對外說明中國的發展現狀，故此期間推促了中國也試著利用公共外交的途徑來，來向世界(尤其是美國)說明中國的現狀，期匡正負面的國際形象。
上述的社會化實踐行動，就如同國際關係學者亞歷山大．溫特(Alexander Wendt)所主張的建構主義，其認為行為體(國家)的身分，代表社會類別或存在狀態，及瞭解行為體的需求(利益)，有助於解釋其行為的動機，鑑於利益是以身分為先決條件的，因此行為體在知道自己是誰之前，是不可能知道自己的需要什麼的，而為消弭中國威脅論或向世界說明中國的和平政策，中國正漸次營造有利的公共外交環境。鑑於目前世界上各個國家概以美國為首，易言之，如何正確的理順與美國的互動關係，尤其是與代表民意的國會等政策利益團體打好關係，類此無硝煙的戰爭模式，更有利其尋求各種有意義的需求(利益)。
故本文嘗試透由建構主義的「身分、利益、行為」的模式，探析中國對美國實施公共外交的行動，進而檢視兩國間不斷地透由各個層面互動的過程，進而產生客觀的共同利益，隨著彼此間集體身分認同的變化與關係，藉此了解到中國決策者的具體實踐行動內容，以此種視角觀察中國的國家行為，也可有深層的認知與理解，此外，本文的研究可瞭解到中國透由公共外交的途徑已然卓有成效的與美國建構了多種身分的良好關係，尤其在台灣問題上，故本文亦參用建構主義的思維，以另種國際關係觀察美中台三邊的關係，並據以提供政策建議參考。

關鍵字

公共外交 ； 和平崛起 ； 建構主義

並列摘要

China implemented reform and open policy since 1978, its economical strength GDP target growth was rapid, this kind had the hard authority significance material force, internationally for its promotion partial essence influence, indirect has certainly also caused “the Chinese deterrence theory” the main key causes a clamor.President of China's Hu Jintao in its tenure in office, once in 2003 proposed so-called “peaceful rise” theory, after or revises routes and so on peace development, only the such elaboration or was still unable completely foreign to show China's development present situation, also therefore, was also trying the accommodation international environment atmosphere as national leader's Hu Jintao, but namely the use public diplomacy way time improvement or the change country image, advanced together (in particular US) the effective introduction and shows China's present situation to the world.
Above socialized practice motion, like international relations scholar Alexander. Wynter (Alexander Wendt) advocated the construction principle, it thought behavior body (country) the identity, represents the social category or the existence condition, and the understanding behavior body demand (benefit), conducives toward favor explained its behavior motive, in the benefit is take the identity as the precondition, therefore behavior body in knew in front of who oneself is, is not impossible to know own need any, but for extinguishes the Chinese deterrence theory or to the world explained China's peace policy, China is building the advantageous public diplomatic environment gradually.in the present world each country generally take US as the head, easy word it, how correct straightening out and do US's interaction relations, in particular with on behalf of the public opinion policy benefit associations and so on Congress hit the relations, in this matter the non-gunsmoke war pattern, more advantageous it seeks each kind to have the significance demand (benefit).
Therefore this article attempts thoroughly by the construction principle “the identity, the benefit, the behavior” the pattern, searches analyzes China to implement public diplomatic to US the motion, then between inspection both countries passes unceasingly by each stratification plane interaction process, then has the objective common interest, along with each other the collective identity approval change and the relations, takes advantage of this understood the Chinese policy-maker's concrete practice motion content, observes China's national behavior by this kind of angle of view, also may some in-depth cognition and the understanding, in addition, this article research may understand China passed by the public diplomatic way fruitful has already constructed the many kinds of identity good relations with US, especiallyIn Taiwan problem, therefore this article also senate with the construction principle thought, by in addition plants the international relations to observe the American and Chinese Taiwan trilateral relations, and according to provides the policy suggestion reference.

並列關鍵字

public diplomacy ； peaceful rise ； Constructivism

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