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  • 學位論文

領導者人格特質與管理能力對部屬工作績效之影響-以國防單位為例

The influence of Leader’s Traits and Management Capacity on the Subordinates’ Work Performanc:A Case of Unit of the National Defense

指導教授 : 楊立人

摘要


本研究係探討領導者人格特質與管理能力對部屬工作績效是否有所影 響,研究目的以國家安全局為調查對象,主要是希望了解什麼樣的領導者能提振工作士氣與績效,並且作為組織派職判斷與領導統御之參據。 以「國家安全局」情戰、情研及情報支援單位內之軍、警、文職一級主管以下非領導職務人員為研究對象,以人格特質、管理能力、工作績效四個構面為主。資料收集採傳統紙本問卷方式調查,每類發放50份問卷,共3大類,總計150份問卷,實際回收121份,回收率81%。 經過分析結果,構念效度中人格特質面向共取得2個因素,分別命名為勤勉正直及和善親切;管理能力面向共取得3個因素,分別命名為認知能力,溝通能力,領導能力;工作績效只萃取一個構面。信度分析中樣本所顯示的數值資料皆呈現高信度的範圍內。相關性分析中各構面間數值雖然偏低,但總的來說仍有顯著關聯性。迴歸分析中人格特質子構面對管理能力結果顯示勤勉正直、和善親切對管理能力具顯著正向影響;管理能力子構面對工作績效結果顯示認知能力、溝通能力、領導能力對工作績效不具顯著正向影響;人格特質子構面對工作績效結果顯示勤勉正直、和善親切對工作績效不具顯著正向影響;管理能力與人格特質子構面對工作績效結果顯示勤勉正直、和善親切與認知能力、溝通能力、領導能力對工作績效不具顯著正向影響。人口屬性對工作績效之影響關係,結果顯示男性工作績效比顯著比女性高。 經由因素分析結果,人格特質萃取成二個構面,分別為勤勉正直、和善親切,其中,而管理能力萃取成三個構面,分別為認知能力、溝通能力及領導能力,其表現皆為水準之上。表示部屬看待主管均具備有自我工作管理及建立良好工作團隊之能力。另外,領導者人格特質對於管理能力是呈現顯著的影響,證實本研究假設成立。而人格特質越傾向勤勉正直的領導者其工作績效越高,但對於部屬工作績效卻無顯著的效果,究其原因是軍公教人員工作保障及薪資待遇不似企業一般彈性,企業員工對主管的人格特質與管理能力或方式有所不同而產生影響,但畢竟企業以營利為導向,員工工作績效高低將影響其工作權益,而軍公教人員工作與薪資受到國家法令保障,所以無論員工是否合意主管人格特質或管理能力,都不影響部屬工作績效。

並列摘要


This article focuses on the statement that whether a leader’s personalcharacteristics and management ability affect the working performance of subordinates. The study was conducted in National Security Bureau, which is also the main object in this study. The purpose of thisresearch is to identify what kind of the characteristics that help to promote better working atmosphere as well as employees’ working performance. The result of this research paper will become a reference in organizations’ process of task distribution, work evaluation and leadership training. The research objects in the study are composed of non-leader employees among the departments of intelligence war, intelligence study and intelligent support in National Security Bureau; the background of the objects range from military, police, and civilian. There are three major topics in this study: personal characteristics, management ability, and working performance. The method of this research was conducted in paper survey. Each topic attributed 50 question sheets to the sum of 150. In total, 121 questioned sheets were received from research objects, which equals to 81% of the recycling rate. When analyzing the survey results, two factors were identified within the topic of personal characteristic: honesty and approachability. Three factors were found in the topic of management ability: the ability of recognition, the ability of communication, and leadership skill. Only one factor were found in the topic of working performance. Analyzing the credibility of the survey, it shows that the numerical values are high in the scale of liability. Although the values between each topics are low in the analyze of relativity, one can still identify the relation between each topics. As the analyze of attribution shows, the factors of honesty and approachability in the topic of personal characteristics are able to enhance leaders’ management ability; the factors of the management ability, namely the ability of recognition, communication and the leadership skill do not bring significant positive change to working performance; the factors of personal characteristics, namely honesty and approachability, do not bring enhance working performance; the factors of management ability (ability of recognition, communication and the leadership skill) and personal characteristics (honesty and approachability), do not raise working performance in an significant way. Moreover, the analyze of the relation between human nature and working performance shows that males have higher working performance than females. To further analyze the cause and logic, personal characteristics are composed of two main factors: honesty and approachability; management ability is composed of three factors: ability of recognition, ability of communication and the leadership skill. According to the survey, the objects (non-leader employees) believe that the leaders have the ability to work independently and are able to promote teamwork. Moreover, data shows that the more honest and approachable a leader is, the better management ability he/she has. This statement proved the hypothesis of this study. Leaders who have the personal characteristics of honest and approachable have better working performance. Nonetheless, their personal characteristics do not bring positive affects to their subordinates’ working performance. The reason is that the nature of public servants, such as military and educator, is different with the job in private sector. Public servants’ welfare and salary are relatively stable in comparison with in private business. In contrast, private businesses have moreflexibility in salary. Employees in private business would have differentresponses to their leaders’ personal characteristics and management ability inorder to enhance their working performance. In other words, employees’working performance determines their salary and welfare. Whereas for publicservants, whose salary and welfare are determined and protected by law, theydo not need to raise their own working performance in accordance to leaders’expectation. Whether or not the subordinates like the personal characteristicsand management ability of the leaders, it does not affect subordinates’ workingperformance as their salary and welfare will change even if they raise the working performance.

參考文獻


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