透過您的圖書館登入
IP:44.222.161.54
  • 學位論文

台中市幼兒之體位、體型意識與飲食行為之現況及其影響因素之探討

The study on weight status, body image, eating behaviors and their related factors of preschool children in Taichung

指導教授 : 翁玉青
若您是本文的作者,可授權文章由華藝線上圖書館中協助推廣。

摘要


本研究目的在瞭解台中市幼兒的體位、體型意識和飲食行為現況,並進一步探討主要照顧者之教養行為及其他因素對幼兒體型意識之影響。問卷分為主要照顧者與幼兒兩部分,以匿名自填式問卷為研究工具,內容包括:(A)基本資料與體型意識(B)柯林氏體型量表(Collins’ figure)(C)兒童飲食行為(D)飲食態度測驗(Eating Attitude Test-26, EAT-26)(E)兒童飲食教養問卷(Child Feeding Questionnaire, CFQ)。結果發現:(1)幼兒實際體型屬於過輕、正常、過重及肥胖,分別佔10.7%、66.7%、14.3%、8.3%。(2)幼兒之實際體型與主要照顧者實際體型有顯著正相關,而與主要照顧者之教育程度呈負相關。(3)大部分幼兒對自我的體型已有正確的認知,但實際體型屬於過重及肥胖之幼兒對自我體型低估情形較嚴重。僅有36.5%的幼兒滿意目前體型;34.6%的幼兒期望體型小於自我認知體型,且幼兒期望較瘦體型的比例隨著實際體型的增大而增加。就讀私立幼稚園之女幼兒期望較瘦體型比例高於公立幼稚園之女幼兒。(4)幼兒的體型意識會受到主要照顧者對幼兒的體型滿意度影響;老師有無對幼兒進行體型評價及父母對幼兒不同的體型評價為影響幼兒體型滿意度的重要因子。(5)結果顯示年齡是影響飲食行為的重要因子,隨著幼兒年齡增加,幼兒飲食行為愈佳。當主要照顧者及幼兒實際體型愈大,幼兒飲食行為愈差。父母對幼兒不同的體型評價,對幼兒飲食行為是重要的影響因子,其飲食分數為「太瘦了」>「正常」>「太胖了」,且幼兒的用餐頻率與主要照顧者之用餐頻率有顯著關聯性。(6)主要照顧者性別、教育程度及具病態飲食行為傾向為影響飲食責任認知的重要因子。主要照顧者自我體重認知受到主要照顧者實際體型及具病態飲食行為傾向影響。主要照顧者及幼兒的實際體型愈大其家長對幼兒體重認知得分愈高,且對幼兒體重關注程度也愈高。當主要照顧者為EAT(+)時,對幼兒體重關注程度、飲食限制情形皆高於EAT(-)。女性主要照顧者對幼兒飲食限制情形高於男性。幼兒實際體型為正常及過輕時主要照顧者對幼兒的飲食強迫情形較高。主要照顧者性別、家庭月收入、主要照顧者的教育程度及具病態飲食行為傾向,是影響主要照顧者對幼兒飲食監控情形的重要因素。根據結果顯示幼兒除了有不正確的體型意識外,家庭環境與幼兒體位、體型意識及飲食行為息息相關。

並列摘要


The purpose of this study was to understand the weight status, body image and eating behaviors of the preschool children in Taichung and the related factors were also be studied. Two sets of anonymous questionnaire contained the questions of demographics, body image, Collins’ figure, eating behavior of child, Eating Attitude Test and Child Feeding Questionnaire were answered by preschool children and their caregivers. Results included: (1)The preschool children’s actual body weight categories belong to underweight, normal, overweight and obesity were 10.7%, 66.7%, 14.3% and 8.3%, respectively. (2)The preschool children’s actual body weight categories were significant positively correlated with caregivers’ actual body weight categories and negatively correlated with caregivers’ education level. (3)Most preschool children had accurate perceptions of their body shape, however, the children were classified overweight and obesity tended to underestimate their body shape. There were 36.5% preschool children satisfied with their body shape and 34.6% desired thinness body shape. The percentage of desired thinness body shape was increased along with the actual body weight categories increased. In addition, the percentage of girls desired thinner body shape was higher in private than public kindergarten. (4)The body image of preschool children was influenced by caregiver’s satisfaction for children’s body weight, teachers’ and parents’ appraisal of children’s weight status. (5)Age, weight categories of caregivers and preschool children, and parent’s appraisal of weight status were important factors of influencing the eating behavior.(6)Food-related parenting style in caregivers: gender, education level and high tendency of eating disorders were important factors for “Perceived responsibility”. “Perceived parent weight” was influenced by the actual body weight categories of caregivers and high tendency of eating disorders. The bigger the actual body weight categories of caregivers and preschool children were, the higher scores of “Perceived child weight” and “Concern about child weight”. The scores of “Concern about child weight” and “Restriction” were higher in caregivers with EAT(+). Female caregivers accounted higher scores on “Restriction” than male. Gender, family income, education level and high tendency of eating disorders of caregivers were important factors on “Monitoring”. Conclusion: Parents’ weight related concerns may closely link with preschool children’s weight status, body image and eating behaviors.

參考文獻


王元玲(2003)兒童肥胖與自尊關係及影響減重成效相關因素之探討,國立中原大學心理學系碩士論文。
林薇(1998)幼兒飲食行為形成及影響因素,家政教育學報,1: 42-58
王建楠、劉文德(2000)台南市11所國小一年級學童之健康檢查,台灣家醫誌,10: 136-147
李蘭、潘文涵、陳重弘、李燕鳴(1994)台北市八十學年度國中新生的肥胖盛行調查 -- 不同篩選指標的比較,中華衛誌,13: 11-19
王正松(2005)性別和運動行為對大學生身體意象的影響研究,大專體育學刊,7: 79-89

被引用紀錄


黃竫茵(2017)。正念減壓課程運用於女性飲食困擾者之成效研究 -以研究參與者觀點探討〔碩士論文,淡江大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://doi.org/10.6846%2fTKU.2017.00520
楊茱惠(2015)。臺中市國小五年級學童體位不良率與其照顧者財經背景、學童生活作息、飲食習慣、營養教育程度關聯性之探討〔碩士論文,中山醫學大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://doi.org/10.6834%2fCSMU.2015.00098
林盈伶(2010)。台中市國小中高年級學童體型意識及其影響因素之相關研究〔碩士論文,中山醫學大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://doi.org/10.6834%2fCSMU.2010.00150
蔡雅岫(2011)。家長對子女就讀素食幼稚園行為意圖之研究〔碩士論文,國立高雄餐旅大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://doi.org/10.6825%2fNKUHT.2011.00021
鄧雅文(2008)。以台中市某國小學童為對象探討體位、飲食行為、營養攝取受家長和參與課後安親與否之影響〔碩士論文,中山醫學大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://www.airitilibrary.com/Article/Detail?DocID=U0003-3007200817343200

延伸閱讀