發展遲緩兒童動作表現與身體組成及飲食的關係

Correlations of Motor Performance with Body Composition and Diet in Children with Developmental Delay

劉季花(Chi-Hua Liu)

指導教授 ： 劉凱莉

中山醫學大學/健康管理學院/營養學研究所/碩士(2012年)

https://doi.org/10.6834/CSMU.2012.00110

摘要

背景：身體組成是生長發育、營養狀況及健康的重要指標。過去研究顯示發展遲緩兒童有動作失能及日常生活功能障礙，容易傾向體重過輕，或體重過重及肥胖等問題。發展遲緩兒童不適當的體位時，動作表現能力因而受到影響，也造成許多健康上的問題。
目的：本研究以發展遲緩兒童為對象，了解其身體組成、飲食型態及動作能力表現，並探討之間關係。
方法：本研究藉由測量身高及體重、身體組成，並同時使用動作ABC運動功能評估量表記錄動作功能表現，探討發展遲緩兒童身體組成與動作表現能之間相關性。本研究選取彰化某地區醫院，接受復健治療兒童為研究對象40位。收集發展遲緩兒童攝食習慣及攝取量，及測量受試者動作功能，另經由廣告徵召正常發展兒童40名，比較發展遲緩兒童與正常發展兒童之身體組成不同。
結果：發展遲緩兒童體位過輕佔25％、過重10％、肥胖7.5％。比較發展遲緩兒童不同體位之間身體組成差異，經調整性別及年齡後皆有顯著差異（p＜0.001）。飲食型態，發展遲緩兒童每週攝取含糖飲料大於3次，體位過輕佔20％、正常17.4％、過重含肥胖71.4％（p=0.018）有顯著差異。結果顯示發展遲緩兒童體位過輕者有90%動作能力小於5百分等級；4至6歲發展遲緩兒童隨著動作能力愈好，身體總水量、體細胞質量、肌肉重等數值愈大趨勢。
結論：發展遲緩兒童身體總水量、細胞內液、體細胞質量、肌肉重、除脂體重顯著低於正常發展兒童。過重及肥胖的發展遲緩兒童伴隨含糖飲料攝取頻率較高趨勢，與餅乾及其他點心呈負相關。體位過輕可能會影響發展遲緩兒童動作表現。

關鍵字

發展遲緩 ； 動作表現 ； 身體組成 ； 飲食

並列摘要

Background：Body composition is an important indicator of the nutrition and health for children. In the literature reviews, developmental delay children with motor dysfunction and ADL disability are leading to have underweight or overweight and obesity problems. The presence of inappropriate body weight in children with developmental delay may have impact on their motor performance and have some healthy issues.
Purpose：This study was to investigate children with developmental delay body composition, diet and performance of motor ability, and to explore the relationship between.
Methods：40 children with development delay will be recruited at rehabilitation department of Local Community Hospitals in Changhua County, and 40 normally developed children were recruited from the advertisement. The aim of this study is to explore the correlations between body composition and motor performance of children with development delay. Anthropometric measurements (body weight, height) and body composition will be assessed. Motor performance will be assessed by Movement-ABC, and nutritional status will collect from dietary record.
Results：The overall prevalence of underweight, overweight and obesity was 25%, 10% and 7.5 %. Compare to the children with developmental delay of body composition differences between the groups, there is a significant difference (p <0.001). The frequency of beverage intake weekly consumption of more than three times was statistically different among normal weight, overweight and obesity children with developmental delay (p=0.018). 90% underweight children with developmental delay M-ABC percentile were less 5th. Better motor ability in 4 to 6 years old children with developmental delay is associated with increased variables of body composition (total body water, body cell mass, muscle mass).
Conclusion：Body compositions in children with developmental delay were significantly different in normally developed children. A higher intake of beverage is associated with overweight and obesity. Snacks intake negative correlates with a higher BMI. Underweight may be associated with poor motor performance in children with developmental delay.

並列關鍵字

development delay ； motor performance ； body composition ； diet

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