探討機能性深層海洋飲用水於高油脂/ 膽固醇飲食下的保健功能-心血管與肝臟

Protective Effects of Functional Deep-Seawater Drinking Water on Cardiovascular and Hepatic Health in a High- Fat/Cholesterol Dietary Habit

王瑜(Yu Wang)

指導教授 ： 陳億乘

中山醫學大學/健康管理學院/營養學研究所/碩士(2009年)

https://doi.org/10.6834/CSMU.2009.00103

摘要

本實驗欲探討在高油脂/膽固醇(12%油脂/ 0.2％膽固醇)飲食習慣下，飲用機能性深層海洋飲用水(Functional deep-seawater drinking water)對於心血管與和肝臟的保健功效。實驗動物為四十八隻五週齡大的雄性倉鼠(Syrian Golden hamsters)，先飼養一週適應環境，一週後皆給予高油脂/膽固醇飲食(12%油脂/ 0.2%膽固醇)，並隨機分成四組，每組十二隻雄性倉鼠，組別如下：一) NDW：飲用一般蒸餾水(Normal distilled water)；二) DSW300：飲用硬度為300ppm機能性深層海洋飲用水(300ppm deep-seawater drinking water)；三) DSW900：飲用硬度為900ppm機能性深層海洋飲用水(900ppm deep-seawater drinking water)；四) DSW1500：飲用硬度為1500ppm機能性深層海洋飲用水(1500ppm deep-seawater drinking water)。實驗六週後發現飲用DSW drinking water組別皆可降低血清中總膽固醇(TC)和三酸甘油酯(TAG)含量(P<0.05)，與改善粥狀動脈硬化指數(AI) (P<0.05)；同時還可以降低肝臟中的總脂質含量(TC與TAG) (P<0.05)，與增加糞便中總脂質(TC與TAG)和膽酸的排泄(P<0.05)。另外還發現飲用DSW drinking water有減少肝功能指數(AST與ALT) (P<0.05)；改善血清中(MDA與TEAC)和肝臟中(MDA、GSH與TEAC)的抗氧化能力(P<0.05)。在體內膽固醇恆定(Cholesterol homeostasis)相關基因表現：飲用DSW drinking water可使肝臟中LDLR mRNA表現量增加(P<0.05)，但並沒有影響肝臟中HMG-CoAR mRNA表現量(P>0.05)，另外只有在飲用DSW1500有提高肝臟中CYP7A1 mRNA表現量(P<0.05)。體內脂肪酸與三酸甘油酯恆定(Fatty acid and triacylglycerol homeostasis)相關基因表現：肝臟中SREBP-1、ACC、FAS與ME mRNA表現量並沒有受到飲用DSW drinking water所影響(P>0.05)。能量代謝(Energy metabolism)相關基因表現：飲用DSW drinking water使肝臟中PPAR-α mRNA表現量增加，又以飲用DSW1500表現最顯著(P<0.05)。本實驗結果指出，飲用機能性深層海洋飲用水可減緩於高油脂/膽固醇飲食下所造成的心血管損傷和肝損傷。

關鍵字

深層海洋水 ； 機能性深層海洋飲用水 ； 礦物質 ； 鈣 ； 鎂 ； 心血管疾病 ； 脂肪肝

並列摘要

Deep-seawater (DSW) is defined as the sea water at depths below 200 meters. It is pure and rich in mineral contents, i.e. calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and potassium (K). Decreasing hardness of DSW is necessary for a functional DSW drinking water development; meanwhile the mineral contents in DSW are also decreased. Thus, the protective effects of functional DSW drinking water on hyperlipidemia and fatty liver induced by a high-fat/cholesterol dietary habit warrant a further study.
After one week of accumulation, 48 male Syrian Golden hamsters (5-wk age) fed a high fat/cholesterol diet (12% fat/ 0.2% cholesterol) was used as the animal model which were assigned to 4 different drinking groups randomly: 1) NDW: normal distilled water; 2) DSW300: 300ppm deep-seawater drinking water; 3) DSW900: 900ppm deep-seawater drinking water; 4) DSW1500: 1500ppm deep-seawater drinking water. The experiment lasted for 6 weeks.
Lower (P<0.05) serum TC, TAG, and atherogenic index (AI), as well as hepatic TC and TAG were observed in three functional DSW-drinking-water groups when compared to those of the NDW group. The higher (P<0.05) fecal total lipid (TC and TAG) and bile acid excretions were measured in functional DSW-drinking-water groups. Meanwhile, hepatic LDLR, CYP7A1, and PPAR-α gene expressions were upregulated (P<0.05) by drinking functional DSW-drinking-water. Moreover, functional DSW-drinking-water improved (P<0.05) serum and hepatic lipoperoxide index (MDA) and antioxidant indices (TEAC and GSH), as well as lowered (P<0.05) liver functional indices (AST and ALT) which showed a cardiovascular and hepatic protection, respectively.
It was concluded that hypolipidemic effect of DSW drinking water might be due to upregulations of LDLR, CYP7A1, and PPAR-α gene expressions, and higher fecal total lipid and bile acid excretions. Functional DSW-drinking-water also improve serum and hepatic antioxidant capacities. Via this study, 900 or 1500ppm DSW drinking water is worth to develop as an ingredient of cardioprotective and hepatoprotective drinks in the future.

並列關鍵字

Deep-seawater ； Functional deep-seawater drinking water ； Mineral ； Calcium ； Magnesium ； Cardiovascular disease ； Fatty liver

參考文獻

malondialdehyde levels in 16 Taiwanese college students determined by various

important role in the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Journal of

李立柏與張文宇，2004年，高醫醫訊月刊第二十四卷第七期。

Higueras, V., Raya, A., Rodrigo, J. M., Serra, M. A., Roma, J., and Romero

Hardman, Limbird, Molinoff, Ruddon (Eds.), Goodman & Gilman's The