探討自閉症類群疾患與注意力缺陷/過動症兒童在工作記憶作業及時距區辨作業的表現

楊恩林

doi:10.6834/CSMU.2014.00137

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探討自閉症類群疾患與注意力缺陷/過動症兒童在工作記憶作業及時距區辨作業的表現

The Performance of Autism Spectrum Disorder and Attention Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder on Working Memory and Time Discrimination Tasks

楊恩林 , Masters　　Advisor：李宏鎰　　

繁體中文 DOI： 10.6834/CSMU.2014.00137

自閉症類群疾患；亞斯伯格症；注意力缺失/過動症；工作記憶； N-back ；時間知覺；時距區辨作業； Autism Spectrum Disorder ； Asperger ； ADHD ； Working memory ； Time perception ； N-back ； Time discrimination task

Abstract │ Reference (97) │ Altmetrics

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Objectives: There are many similar characteristics between Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), these similarities might affect clinicians as making differential diagnosis, even misdiagnosed or delayed treatment. Not only overt behavior symptoms, they both have working memory deficits, but defect in different componets. In these years, the N-back is one of the most useful tasks to assess working memory. On the other hand, recent studies reported that children with ADHD have manifest deficits in time perception, but few studies have been done on children with AS in time percpetion, also the results were inconsistent.The studies about time perception indicated that the time discrimination task might be one of the tasks that can assess pure time perception. Therefore, the main purpose of this study was to evaluate group differences on working memory and time perception in children with AS, ADHD, and controls, as well as to examine the validity of using the N-back and time discrimination task to diagnosis children with ASD and ADHD.
Methods: 93 childrn in three groups of ASD, ADHD and normal children, who were 6 to 12 year-old, were included. To investigate their abilities of verbal and spatial working memories and time perception, the study used the letter n-back task, the digit span task, the visual-spatial n-back task, the span board task, and the time discrimination task.
Results: The result showed that, IQ may affect the results of span tasks, but not N-back. Secondly, for the verbal working memory, the performances of children with ASD were same as control but better than children with ADHD. Third, for the visualspatial working memory, no significant differences were found between ASD and control, but perfomance of children with ADHD was both worse than control and ASD. Forth, there were no significant differences between ASD, ADHD and control in time discrimination task.
Discussion: In general, both ASD doesn’t have verbal working memory deficits, but there still have controversial issue in performance of children with ASD in visual-spatial working memory. On the other hand, ADHD have deficits in visual-spatial working memory deficits and verbal working memory, the WM ability of children with AS was better than that of children with ADHD. Furthermore, the study also found out that, using the N-back may distinguish ADHD and ASD more superiorly. On the other hand, most tasks used in the studies about time perception had measured not only time perception, but working memory, Vrabel (2009) concluded that, increasingly difficult time discrimination items would require participants to rely more on their sense of time, this study proofed his aspect. However, the ability of time perception of children with ASD and ADHD still need more experimental data to test and verify.

Reference ( 97 ) 〈TOP〉

陳心怡、花茂棽、張本聖、陳榮華（2011）。以魏氏兒童智力量表第四版四因素為基礎之簡式版本分析：臨床應用指引。測驗學刊，58(4)，585-611。
連結：
陳榮華、陳心怡（2007）。魏氏兒童智力量表第四版 (中文版) 指導手冊。台北市: 中國行為科學社。
連結：
黃守廉、高淑芬、許文耀、曾幼涵（2007）。注意力資源與時間知覺雙重作業之關係。臺灣精神醫學，21(3)，185-195。
連結：
趙家琛、蔡彤寧、杜玉禎（2010）。兒童問題鑑別診斷的挑戰：注意力缺陷過動症與亞斯伯格症的比較。國教新知，57(1)，2-12。
連結：
劉昱志、劉士凱、商志雍、林建禾、杜長齡、高淑芬（2006）。注意力缺陷過動症中文版Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham, Version IV（SNAP-IV）量表之常模及信效度。台灣精神醫學，20(4)，290-304。
連結：

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