慢性思覺失調症患者主觀幸福感之相關因素探討

背景：思覺失調症是一種慢性且嚴重的精神疾病，回歸社會後的生活品質及社會適應議題逐漸受到重視，主觀幸福感作為病患後續適應上的指標。研究目的：探討思覺失調症患者主觀幸福感狀況。了解思覺失調症患者主觀幸福感的影響因子。研究方法：本研究為橫斷式描述性研究設計，以立意方式取樣，以中部某精神專科教學醫院門診患者為研究對象，共165位患者。研究量表包括人口學自擬問卷、工作滿意度量表、人格量表、社會支持量表、中國人幸福感量表。統計分析：SPSS 21.0版統計軟體、平均值、標準差、獨立樣本t檢定、單因子變異分析( one-way ANOVA )檢定、皮爾森積差相關、多元迴歸分析進行統計分析。研究結果：慢性思覺失調症門診患者主觀幸福感偏低23.44 分( SD=12.37 ) （分數0-60分）。執行興趣活動、有無工作與主觀幸福感進行統計分析皆有顯著差異；罹病年數、工作滿意度、人格特質（開放性、外向性、友善性、謹慎性）、社會支持與主觀幸福感有顯著的正相關。慢性思覺失調症患者幸福感重要之預測因子中，正面影響為「開放性人格」、「外向性人格」、「訊息性支持」、「內在工作滿意度」；負面影響為「有無工作」、「神經質人格」。研究結論：針對研究結果，臨床護理師可針對主觀幸福感的影響因素，提供個別化的精神科照顧，提升患者的幸福感，增進照護品質。

關鍵字

思覺失調症；主觀幸福感；工作滿意度；人格；社會支持

並列摘要

Background: Schizophrenia is a chronic and serious mental illness. The quality of life and social adaptation after returning to the society is getting more concern. Subjective well-being is used as an indicator of the patient's adaptation in the society. Research purposes: The purposes of the study were to explore the subjective well-being of schizophrenic patients. Understanding the affecting factors on the subjective well-being of schizophrenic patients. Research method: This is a cross-sectional descriptive study design with purposive sampling. Total 165 of outpatients were recruited in the study from psychiatric teaching hospital in the central. The instruments were applied to the study including demographic questionnaire, job satisfaction scale, personality scale, social support scale, and Chinese well-being scale. Data analysis: Data were analyzed by SPSS 21.0 statistical software. Descriptive data were analyzed by mean, standard deviation and range. Inferential statistics were used as independent sample t test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation, multiple regression. Results: The well-being of outpatients with chronic schizophrenia was 23.44 points low(SD=12.37 ) (score 0-60 points)，. The performing interest activity, job, years of illness, job satisfaction, personality traits (openness, extroversion, friendliness, prudence), social support were significantly related to the subjective well-being of the outpatients. The important predictors of well-being in patients with chronic schizophrenia, the positive effects are "open personality", "extroverted personality", and "informative support","Intrinsic job satisfaction"; the negative effects are "job availability ", "neurotic personality". Research conclusions: Based on the findings of the research on the influencing factors of subjective well-being, clinical nurses can provide psychological care to improve well-being.