由上而下因素對情緒刺激之注意力攫取的影響

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由上而下因素對情緒刺激之注意力攫取的影響

The influence of top-down factors on attentional capture of emotional stimuli

鐘弘達 , Masters　　Advisor：黃淑麗　　

繁體中文

由上而下因素；由下而上歷程；注意力攫取；一致效果；與情緒相關；突顯程度； top-down factors ； bottom-up processing ； attentional capture ； congruency effect ； emotion-relevance ； saliency

Abstract │ Reference (42) │ Altmetrics

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Previous studies using visual search task showed that the saliency of the emotional faces was sufficient to induce the bottom-up attentional capture.  It is a critical debate that whether top-down factors can override bottom-up attentional capture.  To address this issue, we presented two emotional faces at the same display while using word cues to induce top-down attentional selection.  Experiment 1 investigated the effect of word cues on the target face searching.  Using congruency effect as an index of attentional capture, Experiment 2 investigated whether top-down factors could override attentional capture of the emotional distractors when emotion is task-relevant and the degree of attentional capture of angry faces was compared with that of happy faces.  In Experiment 3, face emotion was changed to be task-irrelevant rather than task-relevant, and the degree of attentional capture of angry and happy faces was also contrasted.  In Experiment 4, the invert neutral face was included additionally as another target or distractor.  We can use the invert neutral face as the common basis to dissociate the components of top-down attentional selection and bottom-up attentional capture, and contrast the attention effects between angry and happy faces in these two aspects independently.  The results showed that congruency effect could not be found in most conditions.  This implies that top-down attentional selection can influence the bottom-up attentional capture of emotional faces.  But reaction time for searching target was still found to be influenced by bottom-up process.  When an angry face competes with a happy face, the saliency of the angry face is higher than the happy face.

Reference ( 42 ) 〈TOP〉

Bacon, W. F., & Egeth, H. E. (1994). Overriding Stimulus-Driven Attentional Capture. Perception & Psychophysics, 55(5), 485-496.
連結：
Eastwood, J. D., Smilek, D., & Merikle, P. M. (2001). Differential attentional guidance by unattended faces expressing positive and negative emotion. Perception & Psychophysics, 63(6), 1004-1013.
連結：
Eriksen, B. A., & Eriksen, C. W. (1974). Effects of Noise Letters Upon Identification of a Target Letter in a Nonsearch Task. Perception & Psychophysics, 16(1), 143-149.
連結：
Folk, C. L., & Remington, R. (1998). Selectivity in distraction by irrelevant featural singletons: Evidence for two forms of attentional capture. Journal of Experimental Psychology-Human Perception and Performance, 24(3), 847-858.
連結：
Folk, C. L., Remington, R. W., & Johnston, J. C. (1992). Involuntary Covert Orienting Is Contingent on Attentional Control Settings. Journal of Experimental Psychology-Human Perception and Performance, 18(4), 1030-1044.
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