台灣地區太陽能電池與太陽能板流佈與管理之研究

A Study on the Material Flow and Management of Solar Cell and Panel in Taiwan

廖原篁(Yuan-Huang Liao)

指導教授 ： 張添晉

國立臺北科技大學/工程學院/環境工程與管理研究所/碩士(2009年)

https://doi.org/10.6841/NTUT.2009.00101

摘要

為因應提倡綠色能源，目前台灣已大力推動太陽能產業發展，相對之，太陽能電池與太陽能板製造量將大幅增加，其生命週期約為15至25年，故可推估未來20年間將持續有大量廢棄物產生，同時伴隨科技進步，發電效率亦將提升，因此，調查國內太陽能電池與太陽能板物質流佈實為不容緩之議題。
本研究以物質流分析觀點，主要調查物質進入一系統內之流動情形，及從系統輸出至另一系統過程，對象包含矽晶、薄膜類(非晶矽；a-Si)太陽能電池/板進行流佈調查與推估。依實地訪視國內五家太陽能電池製造商及三家太陽能板組裝業者所得知成果，且透過行政院環保署「全國事業廢棄物管制系統」、財政部關稅總局及經濟部國貿局「中華民國進出口貿易統計系統」三大系統查詢結果為依據，系統性探討國內兩者廢棄物流動情況。依據物質流佈推估結果得知2007年國內太陽能電池之廢棄量約19,561 kg/y，再藉文獻數據求得矽晶類佔17,507 kg/y，主要流向以回至原製程再利用及製程相關產品為主；薄膜(非晶矽；a-Si)類佔880 kg/y，以再利用或掩埋處理之。太陽能板廢棄量約為191,186 kg/y，其包括矽晶與非晶矽類，分別為171,111 kg/y與8,603 kg/y，此外，當年太陽能板實際組裝扣除廢棄、出口，再加進口量，則合計流動於國內市場約3,998,295 kg/y。
根據台灣地區太陽能電池與太陽能板物質流分析結果，本研究從行政管理面、廢棄物回收處理面及循環再利用面進行探討，進而提升兩者廢棄物回收管理成效架構，並具體提出其處理、回收之管理策略及改善建議，以期相關政府單位與太陽能光電產業可朝向零廢棄願景及資源循環再利用目標邁進。

關鍵字

物質流分析 ； 流佈 ； 太陽能電池 ； 太陽能板

並列摘要

In order to promote green energy, the number of Solar Panel manufactures has dramatically increased in Taiwan every year. And the average lifespan of Solar Panels is about 15 to 25 years. Hence, it is expected that there will be a tremendous amount of waste solar panels in the next twenty years. We must take necessary precautions against it. The flow on waste of Solar Cells and Panels, therefore, is an important issue to be discussed.
This study uses material flow analysis (MFA) to investigate Solar Cells and Panels, and we focus on three groups of Solar Cells and Panels: single-crystal silicon, polycrystalline silicon of crystalline materials, and thin film materials(a-Si). One of our data collections is from visiting five Solar Cells manufactures and three Solar Panels assembly plants, another is from three government organizations including Taiwan Environmental Protection Administration, Directorate General of Customs, and Bureau of Foreign Trade. According to the results of MFA, the waste Solar Cells was 19,561 kg/y in 2007. Crystalline materials and thin film materials(a-Si) accounted for about 17,507 kg/y and 880 kg/y respectively of the waste Solar Cells. The former returns to upstream companies for reusing or reproducing relevant sub-products; the latter was made of glass which is used for landfilling or recycling as paving materials. In addition, it was found that the waste Solar Panels in Taiwan was 191,186 kg/y in 2007, including 171,111 kg/y crystalline materials and 8,603 kg/y thin film materials(a-Si). In this study we found the amount of solar panels deducted from the quantity of waste and export solar panels and added the volume import was 3,998,295 kg/y in 2007 domestic market.
According to the results of Taiwan Solar Cells and Panels made from material flow analysis, we make an attempt to enhance the structure of recycling management and try to provide practical strategies from the administration, waste recycling, and reusing aspects. In conclusion, we hope this study can take a step in the direction of zero waste and resource recycling.

並列關鍵字

Material Flow Analysis (MFA) ； Fate ； Solar Cell ； Solar Panel

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