乙/丁醇燃料的共沸效應對改善生質柴油引擎性能之研究

The Study of Azeotropic Effect to Improve Diesel Engine Performance with Ethanol-Butanol Blended Biodiesel Fuel

羅仲修(Jhong-Siou Luo)

指導教授 ： 林百福

國立臺北科技大學/機電學院/車輛工程系所/碩士(2014年)

摘要

當石化能源枯竭及溫室效應的議題開始浮現時，原油價格不斷飆漲，全球年均溫度也不斷上升，世界各國也開始重視節能減碳的相關作為，因此開發可再生之潔淨替代能源成為全球近年來熱門的研究。生質柴油及生質酒精等可再生替代燃料具有減緩石化能源消耗、降低內燃機排放污染物及減少二氧化碳排放等多重效果，車用燃料混合或直接使用可再生之替代燃料已是發展趨勢。近年來有多數的研究利用醇類燃料高含氧量的特性，將醇類燃料添加於柴油中以改善柴油引擎的性能及廢氣污染物排放，又提倡利用兩種沸點不同之醇類燃料混合在一起，使其產生共沸效應有助於提升柴油引擎性能及改善廢氣污染物排放等之論點。因此本研究分別將乙醇或丁醇單一燃料，以及乙、丁醇混合燃料添加在指定之超級柴油中，探討兩種醇類混合燃料以及乙、丁醇混合燃料的共沸效應對車用柴油引擎的性能及排放污染物之影響。經本研究實驗結果證明，因乙、丁醇混合燃料有共沸效應的關係，則相較於乙醇或丁醇單一醇類混合燃料，能有效改善柴油引擎之燃料消耗率約5％∼10％及HC排放濃度3％∼8％，又引擎最大扭力值略高約1％左右，但smoke排放濃度值及NOX排放濃度值，則介於乙醇混合燃料與丁醇混合燃料之間。另外，含氧量較高之乙醇混合燃料，其smoke排放濃度及NOX排放濃度，則優於丁醇混合燃料，另熱值較高的丁醇混合燃料其燃料消耗率及HC排放濃度，則優於乙醇混合燃料。

關鍵字

乙醇 ； 丁醇 ； 共沸效應 ； 燃料消耗率 ； 廢氣排放

並列摘要

With the emerging of issues concerning depletion of fossil fuels, the greenhouse effect, and global rising temperatures, nations all over the world had started to emphasize saving energy and reducing carbon dioxide and thus developing renewable resources had been hot topics for research. Renewable resources such as biodiesel and bioethanol could help slow down the depletion of fossil fuels, reduce exhaust emission from internal combustion engines, and cut down on carbon dioxide emission. Therefore, it had been a trend to use renewable fuels or to mix gasoline with renewable fuels. In some recent researches, researchers added alcohol fuels to diesel to improve the performance of diesel engines and exhaust emission because of the higher oxygen content in alcohol fuels. It was also argued that mixing two different alcohol fuels with different boiling points could lead to azeotropic effect to improve the performance of diesel engines and exhaust emission. In the study, the impacts of azeotropic effect on the performance of diesel engines and exhaust emission were discussed in two situations. First, only ethanol or butanol was mixed with diesel. Second, the ethanol-butanol blended fuel was added to diesel. The findings of the study proved that the ethanol-butanol blended fuel could cause better azeotropic effect compared with only ethanol or only butanol blended fuels. The consumption of fuel was improved by five to ten percent, the concentration of HC emission was ameliorated by three to eight percent, and the maximum torque of engine was elevated by one percent. However, the concentration of smoke emission and of NOX emission were between those of ethanol blended fuel and butanol blended fuel. Besides, ethanol blended fuel with a higher oxygen content also showed batter concentration of smoke emission and batter concentration of NOX emission than those of butanol blended fuel. Butanol blended fuel with a higher calorific value manifested a better fuel consumption and concentration of HC emission than those of ethanol blended fuel.

並列關鍵字

Ethanol ； Butanol ； Azeotropic effect ； Fuel consumption ； Exhaust emission

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