應用雙供應商及買回契約機制降低供應鏈風險及斷鏈危機

Managing Disruption Risks by Buy-back Contracts in a Dual Sourcing Supply Chain

洪煜翔(Yu-Hsiang Hung)

指導教授 ： 林益辰

國立臺北科技大學/管理學院/工業工程與管理系碩士班/碩士(2014年)

https://doi.org/10.6841/NTUT.2014.00253

摘要

隨著全球受到氣候變遷與國際情勢動盪之影響，每逢天災人禍所造成供應鏈的損失越來越趨嚴重，進而使得廠商利潤或消費者權益遭受巨大損失。
本研究建立一階單期且考慮供應商具有斷鏈風險機率以及其遇到斷鏈時對訂單的反應能力兩種參數之供應鏈，在確定性需求情境中，考慮單一供應商與雙供應商之策略下，零售商之最適訂價與訂購量，並導出雙供應商將優於單一供應商的最適條件；在非確定性需求情境中，考慮單一供應商、雙供應商與雙供應商加入買回契約三種模式，運用報童模式分別導出其最適訂購量。最後由非確定性之數值分析結果可知，在具有斷鏈風險情況下，運用雙供應商之策略，將有效提升零售商之利潤。此外，若雙供應商提供適當地買回契約機制，針對下游零售商在銷售期間沒賣出去的商品，以高於次級市場的價格買回，能促使零售商提高訂購量，將使零售商能更有彈性的應對需求的不確定性，並達到供應鏈上下游整合。同時藉著參數敏感性分析，可以找出對於廠商決策具有關鍵性影響的重要參數。

關鍵字

供應鏈斷鏈 ； 供應鏈風險 ； 雙供應商 ； 買回契約 ； 報童模式 ； 供應鏈協同

並列摘要

With improvements in transportation and communication, international trade grew rapidly and supply chain risk management has become more and more important in nowadays. When supply chain is vulnerable to its environment, an enterprise should consider sourcing policies to mitigate its risks and prevent significant profit loss. In our study, we consider a single-product and one echelon supply chain in which a retailer replenishes inventory from two vulnerable suppliers who could be affected by supply chain disruptions sporadically. Considering both deterministic price-dependent demand and stochastic demand, we use single-supplier scenario as a base model, to mitigating the loss in retailer’s profit, a dual-sourcing scenario with a supplementary supplier is introduced and followed a buy-back contract scenario. It shows that a risk-neutral retailer will pursue a dual disruption-managed sourcing policy that carries more inventory from a robust supplier when he/she faces disruption risks. Furthermore, the supply chain performance in term of retailer total profit in the joint dual-sourcing and contractual setting is overwhelming. Finally, the sensitivity analysis for various parameters is examined through numerical examples, which could provide guidelines for implementing sourcing policies for enterprises.

並列關鍵字

Disruption ； Supply chain risk ； Dual sourcing ； Buyback contract ； Newsvendor ； Supply chain coordination

參考文獻

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