河川水質模式與質量平衡公式比較–以基隆河為例

Comparisons between river water quality model and Mass balance - example of Keelung river

嚴孟麒(Meng-Chi Yen)

指導教授 ： 林鎮洋

國立臺北科技大學/工程學院/土木與防災研究所/碩士(2013年)

https://doi.org/10.6841/NTUT.2013.00235

摘要

根據「環境影響評估法」第五條，列舉十一項開發行為對環境有不良影響之虞者，應實施環境影響評估(以下簡稱環評)，而我國環評實施多年來，對於河川水質評估多半採用質量平衡公式，可能有評估太保守的情形；本研究以QUAL2K、WASP及質量平衡公式評估基隆河流域，評估三種模式應用於河川模擬適用性。本研究使用第十河川局大斷面量測資料配合美國環保署提供水理試算表，對模擬區域進行河段劃分，輸入QUAL2K及WASP模式模擬水文與水質，並根據水文與水質測站進行率定驗證，經過模擬判定指標平均誤差百分比皆符合接受範圍，推估模擬結果有一定可靠性後，再利用質量平衡公式假設三種情境分別與QUAL2K及WASP模式中相同點源污染(BOD)比較模擬之差值。QUAL2K模式與質量平衡情境一平均差值比為24%、情境二平均差值比為33%、情境三平均差值比為40%；WASP模式與質量平衡情境一平均差值比為28%、情境二平均差值比為51%，情境三平均差值比為61%。根據模擬結果，質量平衡模擬結果比河川模式模擬結果有高估的現象，河川模式在評估污染量考慮距離的變化及水質傳輸機制，反觀質量平衡卻沒有考慮，故有高估情形。本研究發現質量平衡模擬過於保守，建議未來環評應依照河川水質評估模式規範，使用較嚴謹河川水質模式做為評估工具。

關鍵字

質量平衡 ； 河川水質模式 ； QUAL2K ； WASP

並列摘要

According to article five of environmental impact assessment Law, eleven listed developments that have impacts to the environment should be evaluated by environmental impact assessment (hereinafter referred to as EIA). The implementation of EIA in our nation, mass balance equations that mostly used for river water quality assessment, may be too conservative for the situation. This study simulated Keelung River watershed by using QUAL2K, WASP and mass balance equations assessment, in order to evaluate the applicability of three models.
This study divided Keelung river into several segments based on the cross section survey provided by 10th river management office and hydrological Calculation Table by US Environmental Protection Agency, and import statistic data into QUAL2K and WASP to simulate hydrology and water quality. After confirming the MAPE results are in acceptable ranges, then compare the BOD values in three different situations with adding mass balance equation results.
In the first situation, the mean difference between QUAL2K and mass balance equation is 24%, the second situation is 33% and the third is 40%. On the other hand, the mean difference between WASP and mass balance equation in the first situation is 28%, the second situation is 51% and the third is 61%.
According to the study, the simulation results by mass balance equation are higher than Water quality models. Suppose in assessing the amount of pollution, Water quality model considered the change in distance and water transport mechanism, which mass balance equation didn’t.
This study discovered that the result of mass balance simulation is too conservative, suggest that the future of the EIA should follow the river water quality assessment methods, using river water quality model as a more stringent assessment tools.

並列關鍵字

Mass Balance ； Water Quality Model ； QUAL2K ； WASP

參考文獻

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