都會區中小型教會室內空氣品質之研究-以長老教會七星中會公寓型 教會為例

A Study for Indoor Air Quality on The small and medium-scale Place in Urban Areas -- Example for Communal located Church of Sevenstar Presbyterian of the Presbyterian Church In Taiwan.

李金旺(Chin-Wang Lee)

指導教授 ： 邵文政

國立臺北科技大學/設計學院/建築與都市設計研究所/碩士(2014年)

https://doi.org/10.6841/NTUT.2014.00365

摘要

都會區因都市過度開發，土地資源不足，中小型宗教聚會空間常常擠身於住宅區中，利用原住宅使用型態格局加以改裝成宗教聚會空間。因二者使用型態不同，人員單位使用密度差異甚大，但開窗通風換氣量依目前建築相關法令並無特別規定，另因國內分離式冷氣使用普及，新鮮外氣引入卻很少受人重視。又教會空間因使用型態需求常常容易過度裝修及大量使用木質家具，甲醛、TVOC等問題值得加以探討。
本研究實測既存的三個不同型態的教會空間，發現因聚會空間通風換氣不足、人員單位密度過大，衍生室內二氧化碳濃度過高問題。又因部分聚會空間與廚房空間混置，所以當廚房有燃燒行為時也會產生一氧化碳濃度超標危害聚會人員身體健康問題。實測三個既存教會空間因裝修期齡都超過兩年以上，加上無多孔性材質裝修，故甲醛、TVOC、粉塵等都符合環保署公告之室內空氣品質標準。
本研究依三個實測案例的結果，針對甲醛、TVOC、二氧化碳提出改善方案及策略：
一、甲醛改善策略
1.避免過度裝修：減少甲醛影響因子的來源。
2.採用低甲醛的綠建材。
3.採用不含甲醛的替代工法：如以金屬支撐取代木質骨材工法。
二、TVOC改善策略
1.減少使用TVOC含量高的黏著劑：如強力膠等含有各種VOCS等黏著劑。
2.異地加工：家具、櫥櫃常以黏著劑接合及油漆，如果可以採異地加工待TVOC濃度大幅降低後再至現場組裝擺設可有效降低污染源。
三、二氧化碳改善策略
1.改善通風換氣條件：利用誘導式風場及熱對流風動力將外氣引入室內增加新鮮空氣引入。
2.採用全熱交換機設備：利用機械設備將外氣導入又可減少能源的消耗。
3.透過二氧化碳改善策略可有效的將室內二氧化碳濃度控制低於環保署公告之二氧化碳濃度1000ppm基準。

本研究依上述甲醛、TVOC、二氧化碳改善策略，於案例四中實施具體改善方案及手法，經實測驗證獲得良好效果供現有教會改善參考，及提供未來設立新教會空間的設計依據與管理策略。

關鍵字

中小型聚會空間 ； 教會 ； 室內空氣品質 ； 二氧化碳 ； 揮發性有機物質 ； 甲醛

並列摘要

Urban area due to excessive development, lake of land resources, small and medium-scale religious gathering space need to crowd in the residential area. Most modified the original residential use pattern into religious gathering space.
Because of the different using type, there are a lot of differences between the densities of using personnel. And window open air exchange rate has no specific re-quirement in currently construction-related laws. Furthermore, it is popular to use split air conditioner, so that instruction of fresh air have got little attention.
In addition, church usually have excessively situation in the interior decoration and using numerous wood furniture, the effect of the emission of TVOC and formaldehyde are worth discussion.
This study measured three different types of existing church space. Those gathering spaces, which are insufficient of ventilation and the densities of using personnel are too high, have the problem derived of excessive CO2.
And because some gathering space are mixed with kitchen, so when the kitchen having burning acts, co concentrations also exceeded, that lead to endanger the health of gathering people.
These three existing church have been renovated over two years, also there are no porous material used, so value of formaldehyde, TVOC, dust are all fit Indoor Air Quality Announcement of Environment Protection Administration Executive Yuan, R.O.C.（Taiwan）.
According to the result of three existing church cases, this study propose im-provement plan against to formaldehyde, TVOC, CO2.
A.Formaldehyde improvement plan：
1.Avoid excessive decoration：Reduce the impact factor source of formaldehyde.
2.Use green building materials with low formaldehyde.
3.Use formaldehyde-free alternative construction method：For example, replace the wooden skeleton to metal support.
B.TVOC improvement plan：
1.Reduce the use of adhesives containing TVOC：For example, superglue and other adhesives containing various VOCs.
2.Offsite processing： furniture and cabinets are often bonding by adhesives and painted. If take offsite work, wait until TVOC assembly, than assembly in construction site. So that can effectively reduce sources of pollution.
C.CO2 improvement plan：
1.improve the air exchange rate condition：use induction wind field and tthermal convection wind power outside to introduce outside fresh air into indoor.
2.Take total heat exchange device：Use machinery and equipment introduce outside air to reduce energy consumption.
3.Through the carbon dioxide improve strategy can effectively control the indoor carbon dioxide concentrations below 1000ppm,benchmark of Environment Protection Administration Executive Yuan, R.O.C.（Taiwan）announcement.
According to above strategies of formaldehyde, TVOC and CO2 improvement, this study implement specific improvement plan at case four, and was proved to have good results, which can provide to existing church as improve reference. Also those suggections can become the management strategies for establishment of a new church.

並列關鍵字

small and medium-scale gathering space ； church ； indoor air quality ； CO2 ； VOCs ； formaldehyde

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