機車點火失效診斷策略

Misfire Diagnosis Strategy for Motorcycles

蔣洺豪(Ming-Hao Chiang)

指導教授 ： 吳浴沂

國立臺北科技大學/機電學院/車輛工程系所/碩士(2012年)

摘要

世界各國對於交通工具所制定的污染法規越來越嚴苛，汽車須加裝車上診斷(on board diagnostic, OBD)系統，在污染排放超出標準之前，事先偵測出元件的劣化或故障情形，並告知車主應進行維修保養，以確保車輛的污染排放合乎標準。然而，現階段機車並未被要求須具有OBD系統的功能，但依照歐盟執委會(European Commission, EC)最新立法的提案，在2017年實施的機車Euro 5排放法規，將強制要求機車配備OBD系統，以降低劣化或故障元件的過度污染排放。
由於汽車OBD系統發展的技術已相當成熟，但是多缸的汽車引擎與單缸的機車引擎運轉條件並不一樣，所以無法直接應用到機車上。本論文根據單缸機車引擎發生點火失效時，造成動力行程轉速明顯下降之特性，利用引擎動力行程的瞬時轉速與平均轉速之關係，監測引擎是否有發生點火失效，避免點火失效導致觸媒損毀及排放出過量的污染物。
本論文亦建立一點火失效產生器，在各種不同的運轉條件下，提供引擎指定的點火失效比率。本論文發展的點火失效診斷策略，於實車怠速運轉的點火失效偵測率為100 %，定速50 km/h空載的點火失效偵測率為100 %，而定速50 km/h有負載(ECE-40行駛條件)的點火失效偵測率為99 %。

關鍵字

OBD系統 ； 排放法規 ； 點火失效 ； 診斷策略

並列摘要

Because the emission regulations become more severe around the world, the automobiles must be equipped with on-board diagnosis (OBD) system which could detect the malfunctions or deteriorations before exceeding the emission standards and then inform the driver about maintenance as soon as possible. It’s unnecessary that motorcycles are demanded to equip with OBD system at present phase, however, the Euro 5 emission regulations which are performed in 2017 for motorcycles follow the European Commission (EC) legislative proposals, they would compel the motorcycles to have the OBD equipment for reducing the serious exhaust emission due to malfunctions or deteriorations.
The OBD technologies on automobile have developed for a long time, it could not be carried out on motorcycle directly since the specifications are different between vehicles and motorcycles. In this research, to follow the characteristic of crankshaft dynamic for developing motorcycle’s misfire detection strategy. If engine occurred misfire, the crankshaft dynamic would lead to serious variation during power stroke, so those results can be determined that engine are situating misfire. The misfire generator also is established for providing specific misfire rate at different engine conditions. The misfire detection strategy which be developed on motorcycle is able to detect accurately misfire event at idle and without load at 50 km/h , the 99 percent detection can be achieved with load at 50 km/h.

並列關鍵字

OBD system ； Emission regulations ； Misfire ； Diagnostic strategy

參考文獻

[28] 蘇明克，機車引擎行程判別策略，碩士論文，國立臺北科技大學，台北，民國97年，第46-48頁。

[2] National Aeronautics and Space Administration, http://www.giss.nasa.gov/ research/briefs/gornitz_09/.

[6] European Commission, Proposal for a European Parliament and Council Regulation, COM/2010/0542 final - COD 2010/0271.

[11] European Commission, Accompanying Document to the Proposal for a Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council, SEC/2010/1152 final.

[12] G. Plapp, M. Klenk, and W. Moser, “Method of On-Board Misfire Detection,” SAE Paper No. 900232.