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  • 學位論文

以AHP評估公寓住宅電氣(器)火災與電磁波對人體傷害之研究-以臺北市為例

Research on the Hazards to the Human Body Caused by Residential Electrical Fires and Electromagnetic Waves based on AHP - for example in Taipei

指導教授 : 王聰榮

摘要


播遷來台以及經濟的發展,大量人口湧進都市,政府為滿足人民”住”的問題於1954年至1984年間大量興建5層樓以下公寓住宅,隨時間的飛逝以及住宅生命週期,使得各系統功能下降,形成負載與供應容量不平衡的現象,再則生活水準提高科技產品的發展,為增進生活便捷與舒適,大幅仰賴電器產品;由於,室內電氣配線設計不當,電器瑕疵,電氣線路設備維護不利等原因,形成系統功能的降低,又因人們缺乏正確使用與檢視設備電量的習慣,對於設備定期維護與檢查的行動與觀念意識薄弱,無形中形成火災的因子。由行政院內政部消防署統計本研究整理從1988年至2010年6月,重大火災成因顯示電(器)32%,為所有火災之冠。再者研究顯示電氣(器)使用的過程必產生電磁波的散佈、傳送與接收,於醫學及研究表明電磁波對人體的傷害甚大;由於,人們一天在室內居住或工作的時間占據80%以上的比率,由此電(器)設備的增加,攸關電力負載平衡與電磁波對人體傷害的程度;因此,為維護住家生活的便捷、舒適、安全、健康,本研究旨在建構公寓住宅電氣(器)火災與電磁波傷害人體評估模式之權重排序。研究蒐集主題相關文獻進行分析後,初擬評估因子,經模糊德爾菲法專家問卷,並進行質與量的分析,其模糊德爾菲信度問卷有效值達100%,可靠性達0.972,均達門檻標準值以上,確立模糊德爾菲法的評估因子後,再進行層級分析法正效度問卷,最後得出層級分析法各層級整體權重與排序。其研究結果如下:專家群體決策認為,解決公寓住宅電器火災與產生電磁波傷害應從內在務實面積極性的行動來改善室內線路品質為首當要務,並建立預防性的作為,制定射頻(RF)與極低頻(ELF)電磁波規範來防止電磁波的傷害。以及選用良好的屏蔽材料來阻絕與隔離電磁波的接觸。最後改善室內線路品質應從室內線路配線品質工作提昇著手,強化電氣(器)設備預防及配線考慮因素,如短路、漏電、超載與考量幹線、動力、專用的負載容量等。並建立設備良好使用觀念與電氣(器)維護保養工作,其配線工作應採用合格條件人員施作。由上,整合專家群體決策認為首重室內配線品質與建立電氣(器)使用與維護保養的管理觀念。並重視法制規範的落實如制定射頻(RF)射頻與極低頻(ELF)電磁波規範,避免輻射污染環境人員接觸。尤其重視實務性作為,認為對室內配線品質的提昇應考量幹線的負載,配電線路的短路及電壓的穩定著手。

並列摘要


With economic development and mass migration, the government has built a lot of apartments with no more than 5 layers from 1954 to 1984 to meat people’s demand for residential space. As time flies and residential structures depreciate, the function of systems decreases and forms an imbalance between its load and supply capacity; what’s more, owing to the high living standard and development of high-tech products nowadays, our life becomes more convenient and comfortable greatly based on electrical appliances. Therefore, improper indoor electrical wiring design, electrical defects and poor maintenance of electrical equipment cause degraded system function. In addition, people’s incorrect habits of using and inspecting the electric quantity of equipments as well as poor awareness of regular maintenance and inspection generally result in fire disasters. According to the statistics by the National Fire Agency, MOI, the most serious fire disasters from 1988 to June, 2010 were caused by electrical fire. It also shows that electromagnetic waves may be generated, spread and received when we use electrical appliances, and some medical researches testify that electromagnetic waves cause severe damages to the human body. People spend about 80% of the day staying and working indoors, which increases the need for electrical equipment, and this is closely related to the electrical load balance and damage degree of electromagnetic waves. Therefore, to create a convenient, comfortable, safe and healthy home life, the research attempts to establish the weights order for the hazard assessment of electrical fire disasters and electromagnetic wave in residences to the human body. It collects and analyzes documents related to the subject to design evaluation factors preliminarily, and formulates expert questionnaire by fuzzy De Phill method and conducts analysis of quality and quantity. The effective value of its De Phill credibility questionnaire reaches 100% and reliability is 0.792, both highly over the standard values. It further conducts the analytic hierarchy process to carry out the survey questionnaire on positive effect after determining the evaluation factors of fuzzy De Phill method, to obtain the overall weight and sequence of the analytic hierarchy process. The research results are as follows: experts believe that positive and practical actions should to be taken as the primary task to improve indoor wiring quality, in order to solve apartment electrical fire disasters and damage generation of electromagnetic waves, and preventative mechanism should also be established to regulate radio frequency (RF) and extremely low frequency (ELF) electromagnetic waves to avoid damage of electromagnetic waves. Besides, good shielding materials are also necessary to insulate and isolate contact with electromagnetic waves. It should start from improving indoor wiring quality work, and stress precautionary measures for electrical equipment like short circuit, electric leakage, overloading and consider the load capacity of the main line and power, etc. The correct concept of equipment operation and electrical appliance maintenance should be cultivated, and qualified staff employed for proper operation. According to the experts’ decision mentioned above, it is most important to improve indoor wiring quality and establish the management concept on electrical use and maintenance, highlight the implementation of legal norms and codes for radio frequency (RF) and extremely low frequency (ELF) electromagnetic codes, avoiding pollution of and a person’s exposure to radiation. Practical actions shall be listed in the top priority. Moreover, the load of the main line, the short circuit of the distribution line and stability of voltage should be considered in order to improve indoor wiring quality. importance of the implementation of legal norms , such as the development of radio frequency (RF) radio frequency and extremely low frequency (ELF) electromagnetic norms to avoid environmental pollution personnel radiation exposure . With particular emphasis on practical as that of improving the quality of indoor wiring should consider load , short circuit and voltage distribution lines stable trunk proceed .

參考文獻


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被引用紀錄


周玲慧(2015)。層級分析法於空軍志願役人員留營成效之探討〔碩士論文,國立虎尾科技大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://www.airitilibrary.com/Article/Detail?DocID=U0028-0608201519582300

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